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種地逐漸被機(jī)器代替，農(nóng)民去干啥？

2020-06-19 17:21:25 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：53971 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：當(dāng)前，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展迅速，“機(jī)器換人”大大解放了勞動(dòng)力，然而，我國(guó)農(nóng)民約占全國(guó)總?cè)丝诘囊话耄瑱C(jī)器來種地甚至以后種地逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)無人化，那么農(nóng)民去干啥？

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 導(dǎo)語：當(dāng)前，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展迅速，“機(jī)器換人”大大解放了勞動(dòng)力，然而，我國(guó)農(nóng)民約占全國(guó)總?cè)丝诘囊话?，機(jī)器來種地甚至以后種地逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)無人化，那么農(nóng)民去干啥？
 
　　據(jù)《2019中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展白皮書》數(shù)據(jù)，2019年，我國(guó)主要農(nóng)作物綜合機(jī)械化率超過70%，小麥、水稻、玉米三大糧食作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率均已超過80%，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化。玉米耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率增速與往年持平；馬鈴薯、棉花、油菜、花生、大豆的耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率的增速較快，甘蔗生產(chǎn)耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率穩(wěn)步提升。
 
　　在綜合機(jī)械化率穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的同時(shí)，隨著智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備技術(shù)的提升，“無人駕駛”農(nóng)機(jī)也早已實(shí)現(xiàn)，無人農(nóng)業(yè)、無人農(nóng)場(chǎng)正在興起。6月11日，以“智能農(nóng)機(jī)·無人農(nóng)業(yè)”為主題的2020年智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備田間日活動(dòng)舉辦，活動(dòng)匯集了國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)機(jī)智能化的新成果，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)展示、演示了智能農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)的13個(gè)集成模式與70多套典型機(jī)具，代表了國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)機(jī)智能化、作業(yè)精準(zhǔn)化、操作少人化的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)能力和制造水平，也是智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和智慧農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)在“三夏”生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用的全面集中亮相。此次活動(dòng)對(duì)加快推動(dòng)智能農(nóng)機(jī)推廣應(yīng)用，促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)化轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)和建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)具有重要意義。
 
　　除了機(jī)器部分或全部代替人力來種地之外，隨著土地流轉(zhuǎn)、生產(chǎn)托管和規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展步伐的加快，適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)漸入人心。農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)合作社、家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)等新型農(nóng)業(yè)主體日益成為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“主力軍”。由此，大量農(nóng)民尤其是小農(nóng)戶“閑”了下來。
 
　　那么，不再種地的農(nóng)民除了涌向城市打工的部分，剩余的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力以及返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民該何去何從？

　　農(nóng)村是一片廣闊的天地，這里大有可為。隨著城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展步伐加快以及政策導(dǎo)向，當(dāng)前，廣袤鄉(xiāng)村正成為返鄉(xiāng)入鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)熱土。在農(nóng)村“創(chuàng)業(yè)”成了很多農(nóng)民不錯(cuò)的選擇。
 
　　近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委、教育部、科技部、財(cái)政部、人力資源社會(huì)保障部、自然資源部、退役軍人事務(wù)部和銀保監(jiān)會(huì)等9部委聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關(guān)于深入實(shí)施農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶頭人培育行動(dòng)的意見》，要求各地加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)服務(wù)，優(yōu)化創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，培育一批飽含鄉(xiāng)土情懷、具有超前眼光、充滿創(chuàng)業(yè)激情、富有奉獻(xiàn)精神，帶動(dòng)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和農(nóng)民就業(yè)增收的農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶頭人。
 
　　其中，文件明確了培育的重點(diǎn)：
 
　　扶持返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)農(nóng)民工。以鄉(xiāng)情感召、政策吸引、事業(yè)凝聚，引導(dǎo)有資金積累、技術(shù)專長(zhǎng)、市場(chǎng)信息和經(jīng)營(yíng)頭腦的返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工在農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)。遴選一批創(chuàng)業(yè)激情旺盛的返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工，加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)服務(wù)，重點(diǎn)發(fā)展特色種植業(yè)、規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、加工流通業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)村服務(wù)業(yè)、休閑旅游業(yè)、勞動(dòng)密集型制造業(yè)等，吸納更多農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力就地就近就業(yè)。
 
　　鼓勵(lì)入鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)人員。營(yíng)造引得進(jìn)、留得住、干得好的鄉(xiāng)村營(yíng)商環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)大中專畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、科技人員等入鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)，應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品、開拓新市場(chǎng)，引入智創(chuàng)、文創(chuàng)、農(nóng)創(chuàng)，豐富鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展類型，帶動(dòng)更多農(nóng)民學(xué)技術(shù)、闖市場(chǎng)、創(chuàng)品牌，提升鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)的層次水平。
 
　　發(fā)掘在鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)能人。挖掘“田秀才”“土專家”“鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)客”等鄉(xiāng)土人才，以及鄉(xiāng)村工匠、文化能人、手工藝人等能工巧匠，支持創(chuàng)辦家庭工場(chǎng)、手工作坊、鄉(xiāng)村車間，創(chuàng)響“鄉(xiāng)字號(hào)”“土字號(hào)”鄉(xiāng)土特色產(chǎn)品，保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)手工藝，發(fā)掘鄉(xiāng)村非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)資源，帶動(dòng)農(nóng)民就業(yè)增收。
 
　　今年，受疫情影響，農(nóng)村留鄉(xiāng)人員增加，對(duì)農(nóng)民增收產(chǎn)生了一定影響。此外，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈因疫情產(chǎn)生較大變化，未來我國(guó)和的生產(chǎn)、貿(mào)易將發(fā)生長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)和深刻的變化。在此背景下，實(shí)施農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶頭人培育行動(dòng)，正逢其時(shí)，意義重大。
 
　　培育農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶頭人，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，這對(duì)發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村振興有著重要意義。從“種地”的農(nóng)民變成“創(chuàng)業(yè)”的農(nóng)民，同時(shí)帶動(dòng)民富鄉(xiāng)興，成為鄉(xiāng)村振興的有力建設(shè)者。

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