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未來，你吃的蔬菜水果可能全都來自智能化控制的現(xiàn)代溫室

2020-07-01 16:33:37 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：46127 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：在政策扶持下，到2025年我國(guó)設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化水平總體將達(dá)到50%以上。所以，用不了幾年，或許你吃的水果蔬菜就是從智能化溫室里“非人工”種出的“高科技”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 我們知道，當(dāng)前我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)已從主要依靠人力畜力轉(zhuǎn)向主要依靠機(jī)械動(dòng)力，進(jìn)入了機(jī)械化為主導(dǎo)的新階段。近年來大田作物機(jī)械化發(fā)展形勢(shì)喜人，2019年全國(guó)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率已超過70%，而設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化率卻不足40%。因此，實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化，對(duì)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提出了新的更高要求。
 
　　設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)滿足我國(guó)居民一年四季“菜籃子”需求有著重要意義。今年疫情突如其來，全國(guó)人民統(tǒng)一居家，而“菜籃子”能夠穩(wěn)定供給，離不開我國(guó)地大物博、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)已成規(guī)模。另一方面，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)也已成為發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收、繁榮農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的“朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)”“民生產(chǎn)業(yè)”和“富民產(chǎn)業(yè)”。
 
　　此外，我國(guó)自然災(zāi)害種類多、頻率高、分布范圍廣，洪澇、臺(tái)風(fēng)、干旱、低溫雨雪等災(zāi)害時(shí)間較為集中，對(duì)種植業(yè)有很大的安全影響。今年6月25日河北保定多地遭遇冰雹災(zāi)害的視頻在網(wǎng)上熱傳，眾多農(nóng)民露天種植的蔬菜水果等紛紛被毀，令人惋惜。因此，推廣使用設(shè)施大棚，普及設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械裝備，在眼下也顯得尤為迫切。

 
　　6月27日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)了《關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)設(shè)施種植機(jī)化發(fā)展的意見》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《意見》)，明確提出要大力推進(jìn)設(shè)施布局標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、設(shè)施建造宜機(jī)化、生產(chǎn)作業(yè)機(jī)械化、設(shè)施裝備智能化和生產(chǎn)服務(wù)社會(huì)化。這是我國(guó)對(duì)推進(jìn)設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化作出系統(tǒng)部署，是推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化向全程全面發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要行動(dòng)。
 
　　在推進(jìn)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)機(jī)械化和裝備智能化上，《意見》提出，加大設(shè)施種植裝備科技創(chuàng)新投入力度，支持產(chǎn)學(xué)研推用協(xié)同攻關(guān)，突破精量播種、育苗嫁接、移栽和收獲等環(huán)節(jié)技術(shù)裝備短板。加快提升環(huán)境調(diào)控、植保作業(yè)的機(jī)械化水平，推廣普及土地耕整、灌溉施肥技術(shù)裝備。推動(dòng)電動(dòng)運(yùn)輸、水肥一體化設(shè)施以及多功能作業(yè)平臺(tái)等與溫室結(jié)構(gòu)集成配套。加力推廣尾菜、植株秸稈、殘膜等資源化高效利用技術(shù)裝備，實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)施種植清潔生產(chǎn)。開展聯(lián)合攻關(guān)，加快選育、推廣宜機(jī)化設(shè)施專用品種，示范推廣宜機(jī)化種植技術(shù)模式，推進(jìn)各環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)具裝備的協(xié)同配套，積極構(gòu)建區(qū)域化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的設(shè)施種植全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)體系，促使良種、良法、良機(jī)配套，為機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造良好條件。有條件的地區(qū)要率先實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)施種植全程機(jī)械化。
 
　　同時(shí)要加快信息化和機(jī)械化融合，推廣環(huán)境自動(dòng)調(diào)控、水肥一體化智能控制和作物生長(zhǎng)信息監(jiān)測(cè)等技術(shù)，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提升設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化水平。加大科技攻關(guān)力度，重點(diǎn)突破設(shè)施種植裝備專用傳感器、自動(dòng)作業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)和智能運(yùn)維管理等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)裝備，研制嫁接、授粉、巡檢、采收等農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人和全自動(dòng)植物工廠，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息在線感知、精細(xì)生產(chǎn)管控、高效運(yùn)維管理。
 
　　其實(shí)，荷蘭、美國(guó)、澳大利亞等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)早已實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化，生產(chǎn)效率和單位產(chǎn)出率較高，正在向立體種養(yǎng)、無土栽培以及自動(dòng)化、信息化方向邁進(jìn)。在這一點(diǎn)上，我國(guó)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家差距較大，舉例來說，我國(guó)日光溫室番茄高產(chǎn)水平約為22公斤/平方米，只相當(dāng)于荷蘭溫室番茄平均產(chǎn)量的43%。因此，補(bǔ)短板、強(qiáng)弱項(xiàng)、促協(xié)調(diào)是當(dāng)前我國(guó)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)。
 
　　在政策扶持下，到2025年我國(guó)設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化水平總體將達(dá)到50%以上。所以，用不了幾年，或許你吃的水果蔬菜就是從智能化溫室里“非人工”種出的“高科技”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。

上一篇： 大力推進(jìn)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化（二）：補(bǔ)貼政策都有哪些？

下一篇：種地逐漸被機(jī)器代替，農(nóng)民去干啥？

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