今日要聞

讓農(nóng)民種糧有收益,“中國飯碗”才能端得穩(wěn)

2019-10-15 17:18:51 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:45059 評論

導讀: 俗話說“糧食安,天下安”、“手中有糧,心中不慌”,我國是人口大國和農(nóng)業(yè)大國,糧食問題是頭等大事。當下,老百姓“吃不飽、穿不暖”的情形早已一去不復返,“中國飯碗”牢牢地端穩(wěn)在我們手中。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 俗話說“糧食安,天下安”、“手中有糧,心中不慌”,我國是人口大國和農(nóng)業(yè)大國,糧食問題是頭等大事。當下,老百姓“吃不飽、穿不暖”的情形早已一去不復返,“中國飯碗”牢牢地端穩(wěn)在我們手中。
 
  10月14日,國務院新聞辦公室發(fā)表《中國的糧食安全》白皮書,并舉行了新聞發(fā)布會。白皮書給出了一系列有說服力的數(shù)據(jù),有兩個重要指標雙雙超過6.5億噸:一是,糧食總產(chǎn)量2015年以來穩(wěn)定在6.5億噸以上;二是,2018年全國共有標準糧食倉房倉容6.7億噸。我國實現(xiàn)了從溫飽不足到全面小康的歷史性跨越,這是一個了不起的成就,在世界脫貧*也是一個壯舉。

  14億人的糧食安全保障離不開廣大農(nóng)民的辛勤勞動,因此保障農(nóng)民的利益也同樣重要。這里筆者重點介紹一下和農(nóng)民自身利益密切相關的問題。
 
  在14日的白皮書新聞發(fā)布會上,國家有關負責人表示,要保障糧食安全首先要保護好農(nóng)民種糧的積極性,要讓農(nóng)民種糧有收益。國家推進糧食收儲制度改革是為了充分發(fā)揮市場機制的作用,著力解決糧食品種結構矛盾的問題,也是為了更加有效保護農(nóng)民利益。國家采取了一系列措施保護和調(diào)動農(nóng)民積極性:
 
  首先,低種糧成本。發(fā)言人表示,國家通過取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅,從根本上減輕了農(nóng)民負擔,每年為農(nóng)民減輕負擔1300多億元。財政支農(nóng)總體規(guī)模也在不斷擴大,到2018年達到1萬億元以上。通過實施節(jié)水及高標準農(nóng)田建設工程,加大農(nóng)田水利基礎設施建設投入,不斷改善生產(chǎn)條件,增強抵御自然災害的能力。調(diào)整完善糧食價格形成機制和農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護政策,促進適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營,降低農(nóng)民的種糧成本。
 
  此外,筆者以為,農(nóng)機購置補貼政策在這方面也起了很大作用,不僅大大促進了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)機械化,也讓農(nóng)民切切實實享受到了國家政策帶來的實惠。
 
  其次,抓好糧食收購。國家采取了一系列政策措施,抓好糧食收購,引導企業(yè)積極入市,防止出現(xiàn)“賣糧難”問題。在必要時,啟動糧食低收購價政策。
 
  據(jù)筆者了解,今年上半年小麥價格震蕩走低,隨著夏糧增產(chǎn)和三季度小麥集中上市,使收購壓力進一步加大。安徽、江蘇、河南、湖北、山東、河北6個主產(chǎn)省相繼啟動了小麥低收購價執(zhí)行預案。截至9月30日,6個主產(chǎn)省累計收購小麥7076萬噸,同比增加2061萬噸。
 
  此外,10月12日,國家發(fā)改委、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部等5部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關于公布2020年小麥低收購價格的通知》,表示2020年國家繼續(xù)在小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)實行低收購價政策。綜合考慮糧食生產(chǎn)成本、市場供求、國內(nèi)外市場價格和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展等因素,經(jīng)國務院批準,2020年生產(chǎn)的小麥(三等)低收購價為每50公斤112元,保持2019年水平不變。
 
  糧食價格是種糧農(nóng)民關心的問題,價格低,農(nóng)民種植意愿就低。糧食低收購價政策的實施防止了糧食價格過低,很好地保障了農(nóng)民利益。
 
  后,增加農(nóng)民種糧收益。發(fā)言人介紹,主要途徑是通過發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)和優(yōu)糧優(yōu)價增收益。大力發(fā)展糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟,促進一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展,讓種糧農(nóng)民共享加工轉化增值收益。比如,黑龍江省2018年加工轉化原糧723億斤,實現(xiàn)銷售收入1036億元,這是一個很好的例子 ;湖南的南縣發(fā)展“蝦稻共生”模式,綜合產(chǎn)值達到100億元;河南省糧油加工企業(yè)建立原糧基地718萬畝,惠及190萬農(nóng)戶;貴州實施特種優(yōu)勢糧油訂單種植工程,帶動種糧農(nóng)戶創(chuàng)造收益93億元,惠及115萬農(nóng)戶。深入實施糧食工程,推進“產(chǎn)購儲加銷”五優(yōu)聯(lián)動,引導農(nóng)民調(diào)整種植結構,擴大品種種植。目前小麥、稻谷價格比普通品種每斤高出0.1-0.2元,實現(xiàn)了“好糧賣好價、豐產(chǎn)又增收”。
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