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我國夏糧生產再獲豐收 產量增加120.8萬噸

—————國家統(tǒng)計局農村司司長李鎖強解讀夏糧生產情況
2020-07-16 08:57:39 來源：國家統(tǒng)計局 閱讀量：22706 評論

導讀： 國家統(tǒng)計局公布的全國夏糧生產數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年全國夏糧總產量14281萬噸(2856億斤)，比2019年增加120.8萬噸(24.2億斤)，增長0.9%。其中小麥產量13168萬噸(2634億斤)，比2019年增加75.6萬噸(15.1億斤)，增長0.6%。2020年夏糧播種面積略減，但單產有所提高，全國夏糧生產再獲豐收，產量創(chuàng)歷史新高。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 國家統(tǒng)計局公布的全國夏糧生產數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年全國夏糧總產量14281萬噸(2856億斤)，比2019年增加120.8萬噸(24.2億斤)，增長0.9%。其中小麥產量13168萬噸(2634億斤)，比2019年增加75.6萬噸(15.1億斤)，增長0.6%。2020年夏糧播種面積略減，但單產有所提高，全國夏糧生產再獲豐收，產量創(chuàng)歷史新高。
 
　　一、夏糧面積穩(wěn)中略減
 
　　2020年全國夏糧播種面積26172千公頃(39259萬畝)，比2019年減少181.6千公頃(272.4萬畝)，下降0.7%。其中小麥播種面積22711千公頃(34066萬畝)，比2019年減少273.5千公頃(410.2萬畝)，下降1.2%。
 
　　夏糧播種面積減少的主要原因：一是農業(yè)供給側結構性改革進一步深入，秋冬播種植結構調整優(yōu)化。受市場需求和種植效益等因素影響，一些夏糧主產區(qū)主動擴種蔬菜、油菜籽等經(jīng)濟作物，適當調減小麥播種面積。二是華北平原地下水超采區(qū)季節(jié)性休耕制度推廣實施，相關地區(qū)主動調減小麥播種面積。為進一步提高耕地質量，推進藏糧于地戰(zhàn)略的實施，近年來我國在華北平原一些地區(qū)將季節(jié)性休耕制度與地下水超采綜合治理相結合，實行“一季休耕、一季種植”種植模式。比如河北省在地下水超采區(qū)廊坊、保定、邯鄲和雄安新區(qū)等47個縣(市)組織實施季節(jié)性休耕限采措施，冬小麥播種面積減少較多。
 
　　二、單產提高支撐夏糧實現(xiàn)增產
 
　　全國夏糧單位面積產量5456.5公斤/公頃(363.8公斤/畝)，比2019年增加83.4公斤/公頃(5.6公斤/畝)，增長1.6%。其中小麥單位面積產量5798.0公斤/公頃(386.5公斤/畝)，比2019年增加101.9公斤/公頃(6.8公斤/畝)，增長1.8%。
 
　　夏糧單產提高的主要原因：一是氣候條件總體有利，小麥整體長勢良好。冬小麥播種期間，主產區(qū)大部地區(qū)底墑充足，小麥基本能夠一播全苗，出苗質量較高；越冬期間，麥區(qū)溫度偏高，墑情適宜，實現(xiàn)壯苗安全越冬，分蘗充足；返青拔節(jié)和孕穗抽穗期，各地光溫水條件總體適宜，一、二類苗占比普遍高于上年同期；灌漿成熟期，以晴好天氣為主，晝夜溫差大，利于小麥干物質積累和品質提高，特別是收獲時沒有出現(xiàn)高溫干熟和持續(xù)陰雨，確保了夏糧順利歸倉。從現(xiàn)場查株數(shù)粒情況看，今年冬小麥畝穗數(shù)普遍多于上年，穗粒數(shù)與上年基本持平。二是田間管理加強，后期病蟲害得到有效控制。針對暖冬氣候會導致小麥后期條銹病和赤霉病易發(fā)多發(fā)特點，各地及早制定防控預案，開展監(jiān)測預警，加大資金投入，加強小麥后期“一噴三防”專業(yè)化服務，有效防控病蟲害，沒有對小麥產量和品質造成大的危害。盡管新冠肺炎疫情對小麥返青期間田間管理、農資供應等產生一定影響，但后期各地加強了農資調運和小麥田間管理，總體看疫情對小麥生產未產生大的影響。
 
　　2020年夏糧生產再獲豐收，奠定了穩(wěn)定全年糧食生產的基礎，為繼續(xù)扎實做好“六穩(wěn)”工作、全面落實“六保”任務增強了信心，為全面建成小康社會、打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)進一步夯實了基礎。

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