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扶持小農(nóng)戶發(fā)展:這些舉措“含金量”很高
2019-10-11
16:54:33
來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:55327
評論
導讀: 當前,隨著我國農(nóng)村土地流轉的規(guī)模擴大、速度加快,規(guī)?;N植不斷普及。大規(guī)模的機械化操作不但減輕了人工成本,在同等條件,機械化投入成本相對小規(guī)模種植也要少很多,可以說,規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)對我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展帶來很大影響。
【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 當前,隨著我國農(nóng)村土地流轉的規(guī)模擴大、速度加快,規(guī)?;N植不斷普及。大規(guī)模的機械化操作不但減輕了人工成本,在同等條件,機械化投入成本相對小規(guī)模種植也要少很多,可以說,規(guī)?;a(chǎn)對我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展帶來很大影響。
不可否認,適度規(guī)?;?jīng)營的至關重要性,但在當前,小農(nóng)戶的大量存在還是我國基本國情,扶持小農(nóng)戶發(fā)展,依然是一項重要的政策導向。有人說,農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?;幸?guī)?;暮锰帲∞r(nóng)戶有小農(nóng)戶的優(yōu)勢,找準定位才能找準發(fā)展空間。那么,面對農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?;l(fā)展趨勢,小農(nóng)戶又該如何繼續(xù)發(fā)展?
政策保障 財政支持
今年年初,中共中央辦公廳、國務院辦公廳印發(fā)《關于促進小農(nóng)戶和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機銜接的意見》(以下簡稱《意見》),文件明確表示了“當前和今后很長一個時期,小農(nóng)戶家庭經(jīng)營將是我國農(nóng)業(yè)的主要經(jīng)營方式。”因此,雖然一直在提倡發(fā)展適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營,但俗話說“一口吃不成胖子”,任何事情都不能一蹴而就。加大扶持小農(nóng)戶發(fā)展,促進其與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)有機銜接才是當前重點。
那么如何扶持呢?提到扶持,肯定少不了財政上的支持。《意見》提出,要充分發(fā)揮財政杠桿作用,鼓勵各地采取貼息、獎補、風險補償?shù)确绞?,撬動社會資本投入農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村,帶動小農(nóng)戶發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè);穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)有對小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)的普惠性補貼政策,創(chuàng)新補貼形式,提高補貼效率;健全小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)技術裝備補貼機制,按規(guī)定加大對丘陵山區(qū)小型農(nóng)機具購置補貼力度。
此外,《意見》還表示,采取優(yōu)先承租流轉土地、提供貼息貸款、加強技術服務等方式,鼓勵有長期穩(wěn)定務農(nóng)意愿的小農(nóng)戶穩(wěn)步擴大規(guī)模,培育一批規(guī)模適度、生產(chǎn)集約、管理先進、效益明顯的家庭農(nóng)場。也就是說,讓小農(nóng)戶走小而精的發(fā)展道路。
各種政策的出臺,終目的肯定是讓農(nóng)民增收。當前,農(nóng)村交通、物流等基礎設施建設相對滯后,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品往往因流通成本高而“運不出”。由此導致的損失對前期大量投入人力、物力的小農(nóng)戶來說,往往是致命的。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品從新疆南疆四地州用卡車運往內地,市場費用為1100—1200元/噸,以每車30噸計算,成本高達3萬多元。加上流通環(huán)節(jié)層層加碼,零售價格與產(chǎn)地價格嚴重脫節(jié),出現(xiàn)“原產(chǎn)地價格低到?jīng)]人要、市場地價格居高不下”的尷尬局面。
近年來,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部采取多種措施促進農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷對接,加快推動產(chǎn)銷雙方建立長期穩(wěn)定的購銷關系,努力搭建城鄉(xiāng)互動、要素融合的新渠道。
在品牌建設上,積極培育特色產(chǎn)業(yè),做強農(nóng)產(chǎn)品區(qū)域公用品牌和“小而美”的特色品牌,帶動農(nóng)戶共享品牌溢價收益。并積極利用農(nóng)交會、茶博會等重點農(nóng)業(yè)展會開展品牌營銷推介,進一步提高了農(nóng)業(yè)品牌的度和影響力。目前洛川蘋果、贛南臍橙、斗南花卉、定西馬鈴薯等強勢品牌脫穎而出,有力帶動了農(nóng)戶增收致富。
在產(chǎn)銷對接方面,以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷對接為突破口,聚焦集中連片貧困地區(qū)和深度貧困地區(qū),深入開展農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷對接行動,讓小農(nóng)戶與采購商“”接觸。2018年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部組織了7場專題對接活動,集中展示展銷萬余種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,全國四分之三以上貧困縣參加,現(xiàn)場簽約超過190億元。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部的牽頭帶動下,各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門2018年農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷對接活動簽約金額超過500億元,實現(xiàn)了千家萬戶的小生產(chǎn)和千變萬化的大市場有效對接,不僅緩解了貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品賣難、賣賤問題,也降低了采購商采購、流通成本。
結語:在當今的信息時代,小農(nóng)戶也可以做到多樣,當好農(nóng)民的同時,還可以自己給自己當經(jīng)紀人,以及給自己的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品當好形象代言人。把角色扮演好,借著國家政策扶持,小農(nóng)戶也會有“條條大路通羅馬”的那一天。這樣既銜接了現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),又更大程度地發(fā)揮了小農(nóng)戶發(fā)展?jié)摿?,同時也為農(nóng)民增收提供了有力保障。
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