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2024年秋冬季蘿卜科學(xué)施肥指導(dǎo)意見

2024-09-30 09:48:11 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：10933 評論

導(dǎo)讀：合理施用有機(jī)肥料，提倡施用腐熟的農(nóng)家肥或商品有機(jī)肥，忌用沒有充分腐熟的有機(jī)肥料，重視有機(jī)無機(jī)配合施用。

　　施肥原則
 
　　針對蘿卜生產(chǎn)中存在的重氮磷、輕鉀肥，比例失調(diào)、施肥時(shí)期不合理，有機(jī)肥、微量元素施用不足等問題，提出以下施肥原則：
 
　　(1)合理施用有機(jī)肥料，提倡施用腐熟的農(nóng)家肥或商品有機(jī)肥，忌用沒有充分腐熟的有機(jī)肥料，重視有機(jī)無機(jī)配合施用。
 
　　(2)依據(jù)土壤肥力和目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量，優(yōu)化氮磷鉀肥用量，適度降低氮磷肥用量，增施鉀肥。
 
　　(3)北方石灰性土壤應(yīng)注意補(bǔ)充有效錳、鋅、硼、鉬等微量元素，南方酸化土壤應(yīng)適量施用石灰。
 
　　(4)施肥與高產(chǎn)栽培結(jié)合，選育高產(chǎn)耐密品種，提高育苗質(zhì)量，采用合理種植密度，選擇適宜播期/移栽期。
 
　　施肥建議
 
　　(1)有機(jī)肥：產(chǎn)量水平1000—1500公斤/畝的小型蘿卜(如四季蘿卜)可施充分腐熟的優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)家肥1—2方/畝或商品有機(jī)肥100—200公斤/畝，產(chǎn)量水平4500—5000公斤/畝的高產(chǎn)品種施充分腐熟的優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)家肥2—3方/畝或商品有機(jī)肥200—300公斤/畝。
 
　　(2)化肥：產(chǎn)量水平4000公斤/畝以上，氮肥(N)10—12公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)4—6公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)8—11公斤/畝；產(chǎn)量水平2500—4000公斤/畝，氮肥(N)6—10公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)3—5公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)6—8公斤/畝；產(chǎn)量水平1000—2500公斤/畝，氮肥(N)4—6公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)2—4公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)4—6公斤/畝。
 
　　(3)30%—40%的氮鉀肥作基肥施用，60%—70%的氮肥于蓮座期和肉質(zhì)根生長前期分兩次追施，60%—70%的鉀肥在肉質(zhì)根生長前期和膨大期追施，有機(jī)肥、磷肥全部作基肥條施或穴施。在雨水充沛的區(qū)域推薦添加含增效氮肥(脲酶抑制劑、硝化抑制劑)的肥料。
 
　　(4)缺乏微量元素硼的地塊，可于播種前基施硼砂1公斤/畝，或于蘿卜生長中后期用0.1%—0.5%的硼砂或硼酸，或0.1%—0.2%的糖醇硼水溶液進(jìn)行葉面噴施，每隔5—6天噴一次，連噴2—3次。追肥時(shí)注意不宜靠近肉質(zhì)根，以免燒根。注意控制施肥量，以免造成蘿卜裂根。
 
　　來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司、全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科學(xué)施肥專家指導(dǎo)組

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