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2024年秋冬季香蕉科學(xué)施肥指導(dǎo)意見

2024-09-24 08:49:00 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：11563 評論

導(dǎo)讀：針對香蕉生產(chǎn)中忽視有機(jī)肥施用和土壤培肥，土壤酸化較重，鈣、鎂、硼等中微量元素缺乏，施肥總量不足或過量，以及鉀肥施用時期不合理(過晚)等問題，提出以下施肥原則。

　　施肥原則
 
　　針對香蕉生產(chǎn)中忽視有機(jī)肥施用和土壤培肥，土壤酸化較重，鈣、鎂、硼等中微量元素缺乏，施肥總量不足或過量，以及鉀肥施用時期不合理(過晚)等問題，提出以下施肥原則：
 
　　(1)合理增施有機(jī)肥，科學(xué)配比氮磷鉀化肥，根據(jù)生長時期合理分配肥料，適當(dāng)提早施鉀肥時間，提高花芽分化期用肥比例，增加鈣鎂肥，補充缺乏的微量元素。
 
　　(2)關(guān)注天氣情況，合理排灌配合科學(xué)施肥，推廣水肥一體化技術(shù)。
 
　　(3)整地時增施石灰調(diào)節(jié)土壤酸堿度，補充土壤鈣營養(yǎng)，殺滅有害菌。
 
　　(4)重點關(guān)注臺風(fēng)、強降雨等異常天氣，提前做好排水防澇、培土防風(fēng)工作，合理增施有機(jī)肥和磷、鉀肥，增強植株抗倒伏和耐澇能力。葉片破損、部分根系裸露的受輕度和中度臺風(fēng)災(zāi)害果園，適當(dāng)增加噴施尿素、氨基酸等葉面氮肥，完全折斷或連根拔起的果園，建議重新建園。
 
　　施肥建議
 
　　(1)畝產(chǎn)5000公斤以上的蕉園，腐熟畜禽糞用量3—5方/畝，氮肥(N)16—18公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)3—4公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)21—24公斤/畝。
 
　　(2)畝產(chǎn)3000—5000公斤的蕉園，腐熟畜禽糞用量3—5方/畝，氮肥(N)11—16公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)2—3公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)15—21公斤/畝。
 
　　(3)畝產(chǎn)3000公斤以下的蕉園，腐熟畜禽糞用量3—5方/畝，氮肥(N)6—10公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)1—1.5公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)9—15公斤/畝。
 
　　(4)根據(jù)土壤酸度，定植前施用石灰40—80公斤/畝、硫酸鎂25—30公斤/畝，與有機(jī)肥混勻后施用，缺硼、鋅的蕉園，施用硼砂0.3—0.5公斤/畝、七水硫酸鋅0.8—1.0公斤/畝。
 
　　(5)有機(jī)肥和化肥在有機(jī)肥和化肥一次性施入，施肥時期在抽蕾到果實膨大期。
 

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