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全國農(nóng)技中心組織8月全國大豆生產(chǎn)技術會商

2024-09-10 09:09:50 來源：全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量：16738 評論

導讀：近日，全國農(nóng)技中心組織大豆主產(chǎn)省農(nóng)技推廣部門技術骨干和區(qū)域?qū)＜议_展技術會商。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 近日，全國農(nóng)技中心組織大豆主產(chǎn)省農(nóng)技推廣部門技術骨干和區(qū)域?qū)＜议_展技術會商，并綜合100個大豆單產(chǎn)提升整建制推進縣苗情抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，形成8月大豆生產(chǎn)技術會商報告如下。
 
　　苗情長勢
 
　　目前，北方春大豆和南方夏大豆均已進入結(jié)莢鼓粒期，長勢良好，南方春大豆已全面進入收獲期。分區(qū)域看，北方產(chǎn)區(qū)春大豆普遍處在鼓粒中后期，長勢與常年相當，部分地區(qū)因強降雨發(fā)生內(nèi)澇，出現(xiàn)倒伏現(xiàn)象。黃淮產(chǎn)區(qū)夏大豆普遍處在結(jié)莢鼓粒期，淮北等部分主產(chǎn)區(qū)因持續(xù)高溫出現(xiàn)落花落莢情況，大部分地區(qū)長勢發(fā)育正常。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)春大豆基本收獲完成，夏大豆處于結(jié)莢鼓粒期，云南秋大豆正處于苗期，土壤墑情較為有利，整體長勢好于上年。從100個大豆單產(chǎn)提升整建制推進縣苗情調(diào)查看，東北產(chǎn)區(qū)主莖株高平均90厘米，比去年增加了0.7厘米；主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均13個，主莖復葉數(shù)平均13片，兩者與去年持平；單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)30個，比去年增加1個。西北產(chǎn)區(qū)主莖株高平均60厘米，比去年增加4厘米；主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均9個，比去年增加1個；主莖復葉數(shù)平均11片，比去年增加1片；單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)23個，比去年增加3個。黃淮產(chǎn)區(qū)主莖株高平均75厘米，比去年降低1厘米；主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均15個，主莖復葉數(shù)平均14片，兩者與去年持平；單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)35個，比去年增加1個。長江流域夏大豆主莖株高平均75厘米，比去年增加0.5厘米；主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均14個，主莖復葉數(shù)平均14個，與去年持平；單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)平均39個，比去年提高1個。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)夏播大豆主莖株高平均74厘米，比去年增加2厘米；主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均13個，主莖復葉數(shù)平均15個，與去年持平。
 
　　影響因素
 
　　有利因素。一是實施“一噴多促”行動。8月上旬，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部啟動實施“一噴多促”行動，中央財政安排專項資金用于大豆中后期藥肥管理，促進大豆生長結(jié)實，減輕病蟲損失。二是氣候環(huán)境整體利好。東北產(chǎn)區(qū)八月降雨充足，滿足結(jié)莢鼓粒期水分需求，較好的光照和積溫有利于大豆中后期快速生長發(fā)育，同時紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲、大豆食心蟲等蟲害發(fā)生較輕。黃海和南方地區(qū)近期降雨適中、旱情緩解、光照充足，有利于大豆生長發(fā)育。
 
　　不利因素。東北地區(qū)局地短時強降雨增多，部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)內(nèi)澇，后期根腐病偏重發(fā)生。西北地區(qū)降雨偏少，高溫干旱影響春大豆結(jié)莢鼓粒，部分地區(qū)紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲、雙斑螢葉甲等危害較重。黃海產(chǎn)區(qū)降雨不均，山東降雨過多大豆田受澇，江蘇淮北部分地區(qū)高溫干旱影響大豆鼓粒，斜紋夜蛾、大豆卷葉螟、點蜂緣蝽、煙粉虱等蟲害普遍發(fā)生。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)連續(xù)高溫多雨，易出現(xiàn)農(nóng)田漬澇、植株徒長、雜草滋生、病蟲害加重等問題，影響大豆正常生長發(fā)育。
 
　　下一步田管措施
 
　　據(jù)天氣預報，9月華西秋雨進入集中期，東北、華北、華東局地存在洪澇災害風險，華北、西北局地風雹災害可能多發(fā)散發(fā)，華南地區(qū)臺風可能北上，也是大豆結(jié)莢鼓粒，產(chǎn)量定型的最后關鍵期。要重點搞好災害預警應對、水肥調(diào)控和病蟲防控等工作，增加有效莢數(shù)，促進鼓粒結(jié)實，提高粒重。北方產(chǎn)區(qū)要加快做好“一噴多促”技術，加速鼓粒、防病防蟲、促進成熟、提高產(chǎn)量，同時做好自然災害預警，防范短時強降雨，發(fā)生強風倒伏及時采取有效補救措施，及早預警防范早霜凍害。黃淮海產(chǎn)區(qū)要加強與氣象部門聯(lián)動，提前預警、積極應對，做好防災減災，重點做好霜霉病、斑疹病、病毒病等病害和斜紋夜蛾、大豆卷葉螟、點蜂緣蝽等蟲害防治。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)要及時做好收獲機械調(diào)配，加強機手培訓，保證收獲進度和質(zhì)量，已收獲地塊抓緊耕耙、曬地保墑，為秋冬種打好基礎。夏大豆花后及時補施磷酸二氫鉀等葉面肥，同時做好病毒病、蚜蟲、斜紋葉蛾、點蜂緣蝽等病蟲害防控。旺長地塊及時開展化學調(diào)控，防止貪青晚熟。

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