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特色農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)推廣，我們在行動

2022-06-06 10:20:16 來源：定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：14952 評論

導(dǎo)讀：5月19-24日，定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心在中心良種場辣椒試驗(yàn)基地開展了辣椒直播和辣椒穴盤苗移栽機(jī)的選型、作業(yè)對比和技術(shù)驗(yàn)證工作。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】5月19-24日，定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心在中心良種場辣椒試驗(yàn)基地開展了辣椒直播和辣椒穴盤苗移栽機(jī)的選型、作業(yè)對比和技術(shù)驗(yàn)證工作，力爭補(bǔ)齊全縣特色辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)短板，逐步探索形成富有地方特色的辣椒機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)模式，從而進(jìn)一步推動全縣辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機(jī)化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)推廣工作，構(gòu)建辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展、多元化增收格局。
 
　　一是定襄縣辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 。辣椒含有豐富的營養(yǎng)元素，有利于人體健康，受到廣大民眾的青睞，同時(shí)從辣椒中提取的辣紅素是一種具有廣泛工業(yè)用途的天然色素，是國家鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，具有較好的市場前景和較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。近年來，辣椒已成為定襄縣的重要特色作物，年平均種植面積保持在12萬畝左右。當(dāng)前，縣委縣政府非常重視這一特色產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，大力發(fā)展辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)的規(guī)?；N植、精細(xì)化加工、一體化倉儲物流，努力打造全國重要辣椒集散地和交易中心，努力通過發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)、特色農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)從而推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，推廣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植和農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝的有機(jī)結(jié)合，促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力，提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全水平，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場競爭能力，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，增加農(nóng)民收入。
 
　　二是定襄縣辣椒生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平。由于辣椒種植工藝復(fù)雜、環(huán)節(jié)多、費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí)，技術(shù)含量和要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高等原因，目前機(jī)械化水平相對較低，辣椒生產(chǎn)耕、整、耙、鋪膜、播、田間管理環(huán)節(jié)已經(jīng)是機(jī)械化作業(yè)，使用的機(jī)具已形成系列化、通用化，但辣椒苗移栽和收獲機(jī)械化技術(shù)還未突破，因此綜合機(jī)械化水平較低，所以辣椒移栽機(jī)和收獲機(jī)械的選型、改進(jìn)和推廣是關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。從2016年開始，由于辣椒苗床重茬造成流行性病害泛濫，辣椒產(chǎn)量急轉(zhuǎn)直下，給農(nóng)民朋友造成了很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，辣椒苗床重茬和全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)成為了該產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的兩大制約瓶頸。
 
　　三是基于此定襄縣農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中心在省農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展中心農(nóng)機(jī)推廣二部的指導(dǎo)下，定襄縣金沃源植保技術(shù)合作社積極配合引進(jìn)三種機(jī)型，開展了兩種種植模式三種作業(yè)機(jī)型的作業(yè)對比試驗(yàn)和技術(shù)驗(yàn)證工作。

　　種植模式一：研制1臺起壟覆膜鋪滴灌帶播種一體機(jī)，開展了辣椒丸粒直播試驗(yàn)。機(jī)械采用五臺城園豐農(nóng)機(jī)制造有限公司生產(chǎn)的“城園豐”牌某型號鋪膜施肥精量復(fù)式播種機(jī)，播種時(shí)可以一次完成起壟、開溝、滴灌、鋪膜、深施化肥、播種、鎮(zhèn)壓等多道程序，該機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作維護(hù)方便，不傷籽種，可實(shí)現(xiàn)2-3粒/穴精播作業(yè)，節(jié)種省工，工作效率十分高。
 
　　種植模式二：辣椒穴盤苗移栽模式，移栽機(jī)械引進(jìn)兩種機(jī)型，開展了移栽對比試驗(yàn)。
  
　　1、東風(fēng)井關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械有限公司生產(chǎn)的某型號自走式蔬菜移栽機(jī)。該機(jī)為汽油發(fā)動機(jī)，采用液壓式傳感裝置，靈敏度高，每分鐘可插苗60株，省工省時(shí)省力。首先進(jìn)行機(jī)械化起壟鋪膜鋪滴灌作業(yè)，然后辣椒移栽機(jī)膜上打孔移栽。經(jīng)測量，秧苗種植深度、株距均符合農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要求，效果滿意。
 
　　2、寶雞市鼎鐸農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械有限公司生產(chǎn)的某型號自走乘坐式雙行移植機(jī)采用油電混合動力，機(jī)電一體化設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制，定植精度高定植距離誤差不超過2公分，通過數(shù)字按鍵調(diào)整株距、速度和栽植深度。株距10-60公分、行距30-50公分、深度0-10公分之間無級可調(diào)。智能化自動檢測種植地面高度，直接栽植辣椒苗到設(shè)定的種植深度。操作簡單，應(yīng)用性廣，效率高，每小時(shí)可移裁6000株。平地、壟上、膜上栽植，采用側(cè)開式投苗盒，投苗方便可靠，缽苗、裸苗均可移植，適用性強(qiáng)。
 
　　所選的三款機(jī)型結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，技術(shù)先進(jìn)，操作方便，行距、株距、深淺可調(diào)，復(fù)式作業(yè)提高了勞動效率，減輕了勞動強(qiáng)度，可有效解決人難找、用工費(fèi)用高的問題。此次作業(yè)試驗(yàn)對比、技術(shù)驗(yàn)證工作為辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用發(fā)展將起到積極的推動作用。

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