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丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造丨安徽、貴州、河南等地正加快步伐

2022-04-12 15:28:57 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:25320 評論

導讀:通過丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造可以再造4億畝良田,是一項功在當代、利在千秋的事業(yè)。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】農(nóng)田宜機化改造工程是貫徹省“兩強一增”行動計劃的重要舉措,是高標準農(nóng)田建設重要內(nèi)容。在一定農(nóng)田區(qū)域內(nèi),采用工程技術(shù)措施,對零散、異形、坡度較大的田塊進行“小并大、短變長、彎變直、陡變緩”改造,并完善田間道路及配套水系,使得農(nóng)田適宜農(nóng)機通過和作業(yè)的改造過程即農(nóng)田宜機化改造。
 
  進行農(nóng)田宜機化改造是為了改變丘陵山區(qū)由于缺乏機耕道路和農(nóng)田細碎、陡峭不平導致的農(nóng)機難以田間轉(zhuǎn)移、無法下地、難以作業(yè)或作業(yè)效率低下的現(xiàn)狀。最終目的,是為了改變耕地面積占全國三成的丘陵山區(qū),由于農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力不斷退出,而農(nóng)業(yè)機械化無法跟進導致的拋荒現(xiàn)象,希望通過農(nóng)田宜機化改造為丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化創(chuàng)造前提。
 
  通過丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造可以再造4億畝良田,是一項功在當代、利在千秋的事業(yè)。目前,推進丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造已列入《國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十四個五年規(guī)劃綱要和2035年遠景目標綱要》和《“十四五”推進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化規(guī)劃》的重要任務。2022年,全國各省、地區(qū)正積極制定與實施農(nóng)田宜機化改造計劃。
 
  據(jù)悉,“十四五”期間安徽省將在丘陵山區(qū)實施農(nóng)田宜機化改造350萬畝,其中今年完成95萬畝。改造結(jié)合高標準農(nóng)田建設,在丘陵山區(qū)實施小田變大田、彎變直、坡改梯改造工程,對現(xiàn)有土地因地制宜進行互聯(lián)互通、大小并整、調(diào)整布局、理順溝渠、耕地質(zhì)量提升,改善農(nóng)田農(nóng)機通行和作業(yè)條件,提升農(nóng)田宜機化水平。
 
  2022年,貴州省將組織實施農(nóng)機三年攻堅行動,大力推進糧油生產(chǎn)全程機械化、高標準農(nóng)田宜機化等重點工程,力爭到2024年,實現(xiàn)主要農(nóng)作物綜合機械化率55%以上。積極推動農(nóng)機對外交流合作,通過引進一批優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)、一批適用機械、一批山地農(nóng)機技術(shù),在“丘陵山區(qū)適用小型機械推廣應用先導區(qū)”建設上取得實質(zhì)成效。
 
  重慶市江津區(qū)是糧食生產(chǎn)大縣,長期以來,為保障糧食生產(chǎn)安全,全面落實藏糧于地、藏糧于技各項措施,通過不斷試驗探索,推動農(nóng)田農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝深度融合,促進機械化生產(chǎn)水平大力提升,實現(xiàn)了糧食生產(chǎn)年年增產(chǎn)增收。2022年第一季度,江津區(qū)重點圍繞水稻生產(chǎn),完成農(nóng)田宜機化改造共1000畝,占全年計劃的40%。
 
  近期,江蘇省政府辦公廳印發(fā)《江蘇省高標準農(nóng)田建設標準》(蘇政辦發(fā)〔2021〕21號,以下簡稱《建設標準》),明確全省高標準農(nóng)田建設標準,對高標準農(nóng)田建設提出具體要求。《建設標準》對當前和今后一段時間的高標準農(nóng)田建設提出了具體的要求:其中提出,要把年畝產(chǎn)1000公斤糧食產(chǎn)能作為核心目標,按照高標準農(nóng)田建設標準統(tǒng)籌推進項目建設。要大力實施耕地質(zhì)量提升工程,增施有機肥,科學綜合利用秸稈,全面提升土壤有機質(zhì)含量,全力推進“宜機化”建設。要推進數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、生態(tài)三位一體建設,加快開展高標準生態(tài)農(nóng)田建設試點示范,探索農(nóng)田尾水生態(tài)凈化或循環(huán)利用。
 
  日前,《河南省“十四五”鄉(xiāng)村振興和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化規(guī)劃》印發(fā),其中提出要建設高標準農(nóng)田。以糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區(qū)為重點,推進新一輪高標準農(nóng)田建設,“十四五”期間力爭實現(xiàn)“兩區(qū)”內(nèi)高標準農(nóng)田全覆蓋。堅持新建與提升并重,分類分區(qū)域大規(guī)模開展高標準農(nóng)田建設和提質(zhì)改造,持續(xù)推進中低產(chǎn)田改造和丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造。
 
  近日,云南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳發(fā)布《云南省“十四五”耕地質(zhì)量提升規(guī)劃》(以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》),大力推進高標準農(nóng)田建設《規(guī)劃》的主要任務之一。以提升糧食產(chǎn)能為首要目標,兼顧油料、糖料、蔬菜等重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn),優(yōu)先支持糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)、糧食生產(chǎn)重點縣、制種基地、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園等區(qū)域,依據(jù)《高標準農(nóng)田建設通則》(GB/T30600)等標準規(guī)范,建設集中連片、旱澇保收、節(jié)水高效、宜機作業(yè)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高產(chǎn)、生態(tài)友好的高標準農(nóng)田,統(tǒng)籌抓好農(nóng)田配套設施建設和地力提升,高質(zhì)量完成國家下達的建設任務。
 
  通過丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造,既可以讓丘陵山區(qū)的荒地再利用來保障我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給安全,又可以吸引社會資本進入發(fā)展特色優(yōu)勢農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進而促進丘陵山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興,為那些無法轉(zhuǎn)移到其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)戶獲得土地價值再發(fā)揮和本地就業(yè)機會,促進丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。據(jù)悉,一些省份已經(jīng)把高標準農(nóng)田建設工作重心轉(zhuǎn)移到丘陵山區(qū),比如寧夏回族自治區(qū)平原地區(qū)的高標準農(nóng)田建設項目已經(jīng)基本全覆蓋,2021年寧夏70%的高標準農(nóng)田建設項目分布在丘陵山區(qū)。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳、貴州日報、重慶市江津區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心、連云港市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、云南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。
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