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展望農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展新動向

2021-08-13 09:38:48 來源：農(nóng)民日報客戶端 作者：農(nóng)民日報 中國農(nóng)網(wǎng)記者 鐘欣 楊夢帆 閱讀量：13517 評論

導(dǎo)讀：國外果園機械已進入高效生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)，各項技術(shù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展并逐漸成熟，已經(jīng)從高產(chǎn)量向高品質(zhì)開始轉(zhuǎn)變未來。未來，果園機械發(fā)展之路應(yīng)該是什么樣子？

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       2021年全國農(nóng)機流通工作會議現(xiàn)場。
 

　　日前，在山東青島匯勤農(nóng)業(yè)基地舉辦的全國智能果園機械專題演示展示會期間，來自50多家農(nóng)機制造企業(yè)，微耕機、果園軌道運輸車、藤蔓粉碎機等100多款產(chǎn)品在這里集中亮相。中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會副會長兼秘書長陳濤說：“當(dāng)前我國糧食作物、平原農(nóng)業(yè)的機械化發(fā)展速度較快，經(jīng)濟作物、園藝作物、丘陵山區(qū)機械化的發(fā)展還有一定差距。由于面對地形地貌、經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展等復(fù)雜問題，迫切需要行業(yè)勠力攻關(guān)。”
 
　　這場精彩的集中演示只是由中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會主辦的2021年全國農(nóng)機流通工作會議的一個重要組成部分。今年，是我國農(nóng)機流通行業(yè)發(fā)展60年，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會也走過了30年歷史。中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會會長毛洪表示，協(xié)會自成立起就在加強行業(yè)自律、服務(wù)行業(yè)發(fā)展方面做了很多有意義的工作。30年的發(fā)展歷程，向行業(yè)證明了農(nóng)業(yè)機械化是不可或缺、不可替代的重要力量。未來，協(xié)會將堅持不懈推進我國農(nóng)機流通事業(yè)的發(fā)展，推動農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，為鄉(xiāng)村振興作出更大的貢獻。會議期間，為了更好地給行業(yè)、企業(yè)提供信息服務(wù)，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會還組織科研單位、農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)與流通企業(yè)等代表齊聚一堂，圍繞行業(yè)關(guān)心話題和行業(yè)發(fā)展短板進行了深入探討交流。
 

植保無人機在進行演示。
 

 

一家企業(yè)代表正在演示藤蔓粉碎機。

機械化與智能化在多領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)深度融合
 
　　國外果園機械已進入高效生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)，各項技術(shù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展并逐漸成熟，已經(jīng)從高產(chǎn)量向高品質(zhì)開始轉(zhuǎn)變未來。未來，果園機械發(fā)展之路應(yīng)該是什么樣子？“隨著大數(shù)據(jù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用，果園機械化生產(chǎn)通過移動終端實現(xiàn)遠程操控?？梢酝ㄟ^圖像工具實時查看水果生長情況，遠程操控機器工作。在田間管理環(huán)節(jié)，可以實現(xiàn)根據(jù)果樹形狀自動調(diào)節(jié)噴頭高度、根據(jù)果樹株距自動對靶噴施農(nóng)藥、無人駕駛與噴施農(nóng)藥量自動控制等功能。”青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機電工程學(xué)院教授、副院長王東偉認為，未來的果園應(yīng)該實現(xiàn)生態(tài)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟社會效益與智能化技術(shù)與裝備的深入融合發(fā)展。
 
　　河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機電工程學(xué)院教授、農(nóng)業(yè)工程系主任、國家蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系機械化研究室主任楊欣表示，智能果園裝備是“智慧果園”重要技術(shù)載體，未來的智能果園將融合物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算、AI等技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)果園生產(chǎn)管理的機械化、自動化、智能化、機器人化。
 
　　蔥、姜、山藥、甜菜等特色根莖類作物在我們的餐桌上也必不可少。在青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機電工程學(xué)院院長、國際田間試驗機械化協(xié)會主席尚書旗看來，特色根莖類作物生產(chǎn)需要走一條“機械化+信息化融合”之路。一方面，充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，通過信息化的技術(shù)平臺，服務(wù)于我國農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。同時，要保障農(nóng)業(yè)機械化、信息化的發(fā)展，需要制度、人才、資金、技術(shù)等方面協(xié)作發(fā)力。
 

演示會現(xiàn)場。
 

 

一款開溝機正在進行演示。

機具高質(zhì)量發(fā)展仍有諸多問題尚待破解
 
　　甘肅素有“千年藥鄉(xiāng)”和“天然藥庫”之稱。2020年，甘肅中藥材生產(chǎn)綜合機械化水平達到43%，初步建立了黃芪、黨參、當(dāng)歸機械化技術(shù)體系和機具系統(tǒng)。但與主要農(nóng)作物農(nóng)業(yè)機械化整體水平相比，中藥材生產(chǎn)機械化“剛剛起步”。甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術(shù)推廣總站正高級工程師、中藥材生產(chǎn)機械化團隊首席專家張陸海認為，要因品種制宜、因地制宜、先易后難、逐環(huán)節(jié)(關(guān)鍵)突破、成熟一項推廣一項，逐步實現(xiàn)全程機械化。同時，貫徹?zé)o公害、綠色、有機、生態(tài)種植和定向培育等新發(fā)展理念，建好機械化示范基地、確定主推技術(shù)模式、選準(zhǔn)主推機具。
 
　　遼寧省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)機所研究員張旭東，期待越來越多的人能夠關(guān)注保護性耕作。他建議，大專院校、科研院所、推廣部門應(yīng)該深入實際，針對保護性耕作的需要，走產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的路子，不斷創(chuàng)新新的作業(yè)機具，滿足保護性耕作配套機具的所需。同時，針對目前免耕播種機重量過高的實際情況，探究一種先進適用的方式，在滿足作業(yè)的同時，達到真正保護好土壤環(huán)境，實現(xiàn)機具的優(yōu)質(zhì)高效。
 
　　不論是中草藥機械或是保護性耕作機具，它們都只是我國農(nóng)機化事業(yè)發(fā)展的一方面。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化總站站長劉恒新指出，“十四五”時期是我國全面建成小康社會、向第二個百年奮斗目標(biāo)進軍的第一個五年，也是推進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化和加快農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級的戰(zhàn)略機遇期。2018年，國務(wù)院發(fā)布的《關(guān)于加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和農(nóng)機裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的指導(dǎo)意見》中提出了2025年農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展總目標(biāo)，其中，全國農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率達到75%，任務(wù)相當(dāng)艱巨。農(nóng)機試驗鑒定和推廣系統(tǒng)要以提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和效益為目標(biāo)，以促進農(nóng)機化轉(zhuǎn)型升級為主線，以技術(shù)和機制創(chuàng)新為動力，以加強隊伍自身建設(shè)為抓手，發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)機械的集成技術(shù)，全力以赴推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級。

上一篇： 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部：推進茶園有機肥代替化肥，促進茶葉生產(chǎn)綠色發(fā)展

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