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吉林：2024年實施保護性耕作面積為3680萬畝、深松作業(yè)面積570萬畝

2024-04-29 14:47:59 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：32425 評論

導(dǎo)讀：2024年，國家下達吉林省保護性耕作任務(wù)面積為3680萬畝，深(耕)松作業(yè)任務(wù)面積570萬畝。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 黑土地是我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的寶貴資源，保護好黑土地是維護糧食安全和可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。實施保護性耕作是黑土地保護的重要舉措之一。
 
　　保護性耕作是指以農(nóng)作物秸稈覆蓋還田、免(少)耕播種為主要內(nèi)容的現(xiàn)代耕作技術(shù)，符合行動計劃技術(shù)要求的保護性耕作應(yīng)在地表有一定量秸稈或根茬覆蓋，且進行免(少)耕播種作業(yè)。 保護性耕作可以實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)豐產(chǎn)與節(jié)本增效兼顧，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與機制創(chuàng)新并行，持續(xù)增強黑土地保護效果，促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 

 圖片來源：千圖網(wǎng)

　　《東北黑土地保護性耕作行動計劃(2020—2025年)》明確提出，將東北地區(qū)(遼寧省、吉林省、黑龍江省和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的赤峰市、通遼市、興安盟、呼倫貝爾市)玉米生產(chǎn)作為保護性耕作推廣應(yīng)用的重點，兼顧大豆、小麥等作物生產(chǎn)。力爭到2025年，保護性耕作實施面積達到1.4億畝，占東北地區(qū)適宜區(qū)域耕地總面積的70%左右，形成較為完善的保護性耕作政策支持體系、技術(shù)裝備體系和推廣應(yīng)用體系。
 
　　東北地區(qū)保護性耕作重點推廣秸稈覆蓋還田免耕和秸稈覆蓋還田少耕兩種保護性耕作技術(shù)類型。可結(jié)合本地區(qū)土壤、水分、積溫、經(jīng)營規(guī)模等實際情況，充分尊重農(nóng)民意愿，創(chuàng)新完善和推廣適宜本地區(qū)的具體技術(shù)模式，不搞“一刀切”。在具體應(yīng)用中，應(yīng)盡量增加秸稈覆蓋還田比例，增強土壤蓄水保墑能力，提高土壤有機質(zhì)含量，培肥地力；采取免耕少耕，減少土壤擾動，減輕風蝕水蝕，防止土壤退化；采用高性能免耕播種機，確保播種質(zhì)量。根據(jù)土壤情況，可進行必要的深松。
 
　　近日，吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于高質(zhì)量落實2024年東北黑土地保護性耕作行動計劃有關(guān)工作任務(wù)的通知》(簡稱《通知》)。2024年，國家下達吉林省保護性耕作任務(wù)面積為3680萬畝，深(耕)松作業(yè)任務(wù)面積570萬畝，《通知》要求各縣(市、區(qū))在任務(wù)面積基礎(chǔ)上努力增加實施面積，擴大大豆、雜糧等作物保護性耕作實施面積。引導(dǎo)機手和農(nóng)戶精準對接，落實實施主體，確保實施地塊“有機可用”。
 
　　《通知》提出，加快保護性耕作與提單產(chǎn)技術(shù)集成配套。各縣(市、區(qū))要結(jié)合土壤、水分、積溫、經(jīng)營規(guī)模、秸桿其他用途需求量等實際情況，將免(少)耕播種與淺埋滴灌、水肥一體化、苗期深松、分層施肥等提單產(chǎn)技術(shù)集成配套，努力強化保護性耕作在單產(chǎn)提升方面的效果?？商剿鲗εc提單產(chǎn)技術(shù)集成配套的實施地塊優(yōu)化補助檔次，強化引領(lǐng)帶動。對于秸桿量過大、冷涼黏重耕地區(qū)域，應(yīng)不斷加大條帶耕作技術(shù)模式推廣應(yīng)用。
 
　　此外，還要加大監(jiān)測終端安裝力度，各縣(市、區(qū))要不斷提高遠程電子監(jiān)測終端判定保護性耕作作業(yè)面積比例。保護性耕作作業(yè)面積占比超過90%、深松(耕)作業(yè)監(jiān)測面積全覆蓋。如有必要可采取人工核驗或第三方核驗等有效方式進行核驗，確保資金安全規(guī)范使用。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。

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