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愛科農(nóng)藝小課堂：耕作的力量

2020-03-06 16:05:13 來源：愛科在線 閱讀量：19760 評論

導讀：2019年，愛科啟動了一項多年耕整地研究項目，主要關(guān)注作物種植前對土地的處理方式，即種植者的苗床耕整地模式對種植和產(chǎn)量到底有什么影響？

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】 隨著“愛科作物之旅”的推進，目前該項目已經(jīng)卓有成效，我們始終致力于將繼續(xù)把有助于提高玉米產(chǎn)量和利潤的實踐經(jīng)驗分享給各位?，F(xiàn)在正值春耕時期，讓我們一起來領(lǐng)略一下耕作的力量。
 
　　2019年，愛科啟動了一項多年耕整地研究項目，主要關(guān)注作物種植前對土地的處理方式，即種植者的苗床耕整地模式對種植和產(chǎn)量到底有什么影響？
 
　　為此，我們在美國多地進行了詳盡的田間試驗，用來比較使用傳統(tǒng)的田間中耕機或整地機培育的苗床與使用短圓盤、高速圓盤或垂直耕具進行耕整地的苗床，來判斷兩種耕作方式哪種成功率會更高。

　　愛科農(nóng)學和農(nóng)場解決方案主任Darren Goebel表示：“*，幼苗的萌發(fā)至關(guān)重要，因此我們一直在研究和報告在種植過程中需要使用播種機來完成很多關(guān)鍵步驟?，F(xiàn)在讓我們后退一步，盡我們所能確保在播種之前，通過合理的耕整地方式來創(chuàng)造合適的苗床。”
 
　　Goebel提到他的作物考察隊在春季苗床準備期間，在不同的地區(qū)、不同的種植模式和不同的土壤類型之間，同時進行了對比試驗。第一次重要的測量是在種植玉米的犁溝里用市場上能買到的傳感器進行的。他說：“我們使用的播種機配備了Precision Planting®(精準播種)技術(shù)，包括新的SmartFirmer®。我們盡可能地獲取每一個讀數(shù)，尤其讓我感興趣的三個要素是通過更精確地測量而得出的土壤溫度、土壤濕度和犁溝里的殘留物含量。”

　　在不同的耕作方式下，這些因素是否會變化呢？如果是的話，不同的耕整地方式對播種機和之后的玉米產(chǎn)量又會有什么影響呢？
 
　　通過研究，Goebel表示土壤表面的殘留物對土壤溫度有很大的影響，這極大地影響了玉米的生長和發(fā)育。此外，“Precision Planting® 研究已經(jīng)表明，犁溝中的殘留物對產(chǎn)量確實有負面影響。因此，我們需要了解哪種組合耕整地方式在減少犁溝殘留和管理地表殘留方面做得更好。”

　　每一塊地種植后不久，現(xiàn)場專家都會進行檢查，估算土壤表面殘留的百分比。隨著作物的生長，他們將挖掘、檢查和拍攝根系，并測量和跟蹤作物高度，這些將作為土壤壓實和其他因素如何影響根系健康和發(fā)育的指標。
 
　　作物之旅地塊的參觀者可以看到這一過程，同時也可以看到挖掘后的土壤剖面觀察作物生長的情況，所以不同耕作方式對苗床環(huán)境以及后續(xù)作物產(chǎn)量的到底會產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響呢？在這里，我們先留個小懸念。我們將通過終的產(chǎn)量對比得出結(jié)論。
 
　　欲知詳情如何，且聽農(nóng)藝小課堂專欄下回分解。

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