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（三）國四的熱鬧與愛科的門道

2022-12-02 08:43:37 來源：愛科中國 閱讀量：12762 評論

導(dǎo)讀：巧了，愛科動力在1942年成立之初，就是作為芬蘭的第二飛機發(fā)動機修造廠而建立的。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】有心的人看到中間的圖標(biāo)就知道這倆是個啥發(fā)動機了。沒錯，它就是那家只生產(chǎn)農(nóng)用柴油發(fā)動機的北歐廠家：愛科動力。為什么要強調(diào)只生產(chǎn)農(nóng)用發(fā)動機呢，有人會認為只要是柴油發(fā)動機不就好了么。其實不然，中國有句俗話：術(shù)業(yè)有專攻，就很好的回答了這個問題。

　　一款發(fā)動機從設(shè)計、開發(fā)再到定型，它首先得有理念。理念得跟隨需求走，而道路用柴油機和非道路用柴油機它們的需求是有非常大不同的，更何況拖拉機只是非道路中的一種。比如：農(nóng)機作業(yè)速度很低，更需要低速下的高扭矩且兼顧燃油效率；在農(nóng)機上發(fā)動機是整車框架的一部分，作業(yè)時機體的承載力和扭曲力很大；相對來說留給散熱組件的空間很小等等，這些都不是柴油發(fā)動機的共性需求，需要特殊的預(yù)先考慮。
 
　　這種理念在戰(zhàn)斗機領(lǐng)域特別明顯，任何一款戰(zhàn)斗機都有個明確的戰(zhàn)場需求，也就是定位，不可能一款飛機什么都優(yōu)秀。在我看來，什么都行大概也就等于什么都不行。說到戰(zhàn)斗機，我想到一句名言，這句話是一個著名的飛機設(shè)計師說的，大意是：性能出色的飛機一定是非常漂亮的。我想這句話在農(nóng)機上同樣適用，顏值有時候也是第一生產(chǎn)力。而愛科農(nóng)機全系列都為特有的麥賽紅顏色，簡稱：紅顏，勿需沖冠只待知音。
 
　　巧了，愛科動力在1942年成立之初，就是作為芬蘭的第二飛機發(fā)動機修造廠而建立的。畢竟是干飛機的，那么可以說是起點非常的高，出場即巔峰。但1942年是個非常特殊的時期，隨著這個時期的結(jié)束，它也必須轉(zhuǎn)行。為了生存，順帶著在1946年就開始制造起了柴油機。
 
1942年飛機修造廠
 
40年代末的8缸12升內(nèi)燃機180-250馬力
 
　　從50年代，就開始研發(fā)生產(chǎn)配套柴油機到農(nóng)業(yè)拖拉機上，直至今日。該公司的主生產(chǎn)基地就在那個我們國人眾所皆知的城市：諾基亞市。對的，就是那個可以砸核桃的諾基亞，愛科動力的堅實性和諾基亞是一樣一樣的，就是耐造。之后幾十年中，該公司也是幾經(jīng)易主(說明專一于農(nóng)機的不易)，最后被全球農(nóng)機巨子之一的愛科集團在2007年收購，農(nóng)機對農(nóng)機，專一對專一，算是真正找到了歸宿。為了對這段良緣有所表示，我們以區(qū)區(qū)一圖略表敬意。
 
前世已結(jié)，今生待敘。
 
　　愛科動力的柴油機排量和馬力段分布較廣，太大的一時間難以掌握和消化，我們就先從小一點的開始。這個小一點的是4缸4.4L，下文簡稱小四。
 
　　首先回到排放問題，得先講一句，所有的國四愛科動力都采用了SCR，也就是發(fā)動機盡管燒，排氣管盡管埋的路線。在2016年愛科中國工廠投產(chǎn)之初，小四就已經(jīng)開始在常州工廠生產(chǎn)了，并且發(fā)往愛科全球各個需要的地方。這句話怎么理解呢？愛科是全球性公司，在全球有好幾個整機及發(fā)動機生產(chǎn)基地，整機歸整機，發(fā)動機歸發(fā)動機，它不是一一對應(yīng)和一一配套的，而是哪有需要就發(fā)往哪兒。
 
　　這樣就形成一個局面，中國常州工廠生產(chǎn)的小四，除了有不同馬力更是有不同的排放。歐洲在2015年就實施歐四標(biāo)準了，約等于我們的國四。也就是說，從小四2016年在常州開始生產(chǎn)起，其出口歐洲的版本就已經(jīng)是采用234（尿素）后處理路線了，比國內(nèi)國四排放標(biāo)準的實施整整早了7年。
 
　　最近行業(yè)里提到國四都是說準備好了，那怎么形容愛科動力的發(fā)動機呢？用了7年的時間不是在準備，而是用歐洲市場驗證改進了5年，可以說是準備的都快睡著了。細心的觀眾可能發(fā)現(xiàn)，不是驗證7年么，怎么變5年了。
 
　　因為現(xiàn)在歐洲已經(jīng)是歐五了，我們驗證歐五也驗證了2年了，再次進入待機狀態(tài)。在國內(nèi)的農(nóng)機企業(yè)關(guān)于發(fā)動機的排放，還有誰是如此的富裕？正可謂謀定而動方能篤行以致遠。
 

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