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為何越來越多的人推崇農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展機(jī)具？

2018-03-29 15:58:15 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：24368 評論

導(dǎo)讀： “春分后十五日，斗指丁，為清明，時萬物皆潔齊而清明，蓋時當(dāng)氣清景明，萬物皆顯，因此得名?！鼻迕鲗⒅?，正是春耕的大好時節(jié)，俗話說“清明前后，種瓜點(diǎn)豆”，農(nóng)民們自然不會浪費(fèi)這大好春光。不過和往年有所差別，今年的田間多了許多機(jī)器的身影，這一切都得益于國家的農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 “春分后十五日，斗指丁，為清明，時萬物皆潔齊而清明，蓋時當(dāng)氣清景明，萬物皆顯，因此得名。”清明將至，正是春耕的大好時節(jié)，俗話說“清明前后，種瓜點(diǎn)豆”，農(nóng)民們自然不會浪費(fèi)這大好春光。不過和往年有所差別，今年的田間多了許多機(jī)器的身影，這一切都得益于國家的農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策。
 
　　然而農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼也是有要求的，不久前農(nóng)業(yè)部、財政部印發(fā)了《2018—2020年農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施指導(dǎo)意見》，明確要優(yōu)先保證糧食等主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)所需機(jī)具和深松整地、免耕播種、植保、節(jié)水灌溉、施肥 、秸稈還田離田、殘膜回收、畜禽糞污資源化利用、病死畜禽無害化處理等支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展機(jī)具的補(bǔ)貼需要，逐步將區(qū)域內(nèi)保有量明顯過多、技術(shù)相對落后、需求量小的機(jī)具品目剔除出補(bǔ)貼范圍。那么，綠色農(nóng)機(jī)究竟有什么魅力，能讓三年農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施指導(dǎo)意見為其開路？
 

       土地問題凸顯，綠色發(fā)展刻不容緩
 
　　當(dāng)下，中國土壤狀況確實(shí)不容樂觀，至少有10%的土壤基本喪失生產(chǎn)力。濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致的水土流失荒漠化還在困擾著我們，一些城市耕地遭受鎘、砷、汞等有毒重金屬和石油類有機(jī)物污染，不科學(xué)的種植方式使土壤肥力持續(xù)下降......
 
　　土壤養(yǎng)分管理國家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任、中國科學(xué)院南京土壤研究所研究員王慎強(qiáng)曾展示了一組數(shù)字：中國人均耕地面積不足世界平均水平的40%，在這當(dāng)中，71%是中低產(chǎn)田，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)僅是歐洲的三分之一到二分之一，土壤還面臨酸化、鹽堿化、連作障礙等一系列問題。
 
　　對先污染后治理發(fā)展模式說“不”
 
　　土地問題堪憂，而土壤污染的治理更是難上加難。土壤污染具有隱蔽性和滯后性，很有可能我們的行為給土壤帶來了危害卻不自知，等到發(fā)現(xiàn)污染嚴(yán)重的時候卻已經(jīng)為時尚晚；土壤污染的累積性和分布不均勻性，相比于空氣和水，污染物更加難以在土壤中自動分解、稀釋，隨著時間的流逝，污染非但不會減輕反而會更加嚴(yán)重，而我國土壤種類多樣，不同土壤的治理方式顯然不一樣，這又對治理增加了難度；而像重金屬等污染物對于土壤的污染來說基本是一個不可完全逆轉(zhuǎn)的過程。
 
　　土壤污染一旦發(fā)生，則很難完全恢復(fù)，成本高、周期長、難度大等問題不容忽視，所以等到污染了再去治理遠(yuǎn)不如從一開始就走綠色發(fā)展道路來的靠譜。改變傳統(tǒng)的高投入、高消耗、高污染的種植模式，走親土種植道路。
 
　　走親土種植，實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村振興
 
　　所謂親土種植，是指采取對土壤“親和、友好”的方式來開展種植作業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)作物高產(chǎn)和耕地質(zhì)量提升兩大目標(biāo)。對于人多地少的中國而言，親土種植兼顧了耕地質(zhì)量與農(nóng)業(yè)豐產(chǎn)。
 
　　“親土種植 富養(yǎng)天下——守護(hù)億畝良田，踐行鄉(xiāng)村振興”大型公益行動于3月26日在北京啟動。會上發(fā)布了旨在推動親土種植在中國落地的“百千億行動”方案，并對來自全國各地的親土種植帶頭人進(jìn)行授牌。變革傳統(tǒng)的種植模式，一個全新的親土種植時代正悄然來臨。
 
　　隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的不斷發(fā)展,使用地膜已成為確保農(nóng)業(yè)高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的重要手段。但在高產(chǎn)的同時，連續(xù)大面積的鋪膜種植,也使得“白色污染”逐年加重,嚴(yán)重制約了農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2018年阿克蘇地區(qū)將在新疆天山以南地區(qū)試點(diǎn)殘膜機(jī)械化回收作業(yè)，從現(xiàn)有的殘膜回收機(jī)中篩選出適宜在本地區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用的，對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)，然后在下轄8縣1市大規(guī)模推廣使用。據(jù)悉，殘膜機(jī)械化回收作業(yè)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后，預(yù)計殘膜的回收率將達(dá)85%以上，可使棉花增加產(chǎn)量10%至15%。由此可見，農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展機(jī)具在親土種植模式上發(fā)揮著重要作用。
 
　　小結(jié)
 
　　“我們既要綠水青山，也要金山銀山。”那么，怎么讓綠水青山成為金山銀山是值得我們思考的問題，先污染后治理的道路顯然已經(jīng)不適合我國當(dāng)下的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式，未來的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式將以綠色發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

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