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甘肅會(huì)寧:農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與建議

2024-04-25 09:18:49 來源:甘肅省會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化服務(wù)中心 薛俊武 李錦霞 閱讀量:20349 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化保持了較快發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì),農(nóng)機(jī)裝備總量持續(xù)增長 ,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化 ,運(yùn)行的質(zhì)量和效益進(jìn)一步提高。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 摘要 :為加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化,提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率 ,針對(duì)甘肅省會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出當(dāng)前農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展過程中面臨的主要突出問題,從落實(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)急需機(jī)具、推進(jìn)宜機(jī)化改造工作、改善農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)環(huán)境等方面提出相關(guān)建議,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 。
 
  關(guān)鍵詞 : 會(huì)寧 ;農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化 ;高質(zhì)量發(fā)展
 
  1.會(huì)寧縣概況及農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
 
  會(huì)寧縣地處西北黃土高原、青藏高原交接帶,土地構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,多以變質(zhì)巖和花崗巖為基底,其上廣泛沉積第三系紅層和第四系黃土,局部地段出露石灰系、侏羅系和白堊系地層。地勢(shì)南高北低,由東南向西北傾斜,梁峁起伏、溝壑縱橫。南部、中部為山地,多屬黃土堆積侵蝕長梁、梁峁地貌;北部多為川、塬地,為梁峁頂面殘塬和河流切割成的溝谷地階地貌。全縣山地面積為174萬畝,占總面積的77 %;川地面積為31萬畝,占總面積的13.72%;塬地面積 20萬畝,占總面積的9.28 %。會(huì)寧縣是典型的山區(qū)縣 。
 
  近年來,會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化保持了較快發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì),農(nóng)機(jī)裝備總量持續(xù)增長 ,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化 ,運(yùn)行的質(zhì)量和效益進(jìn)一步提高,總體上呈現(xiàn)出四個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
 
  1.1農(nóng)機(jī)裝備總量快速增長。在國家農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策拉動(dòng)下,全縣農(nóng)機(jī)裝備總量持續(xù)增加,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,動(dòng)力機(jī)械大中型化趨勢(shì)加快,丘陵山區(qū)特色機(jī)具增長迅速。全縣農(nóng)機(jī)總動(dòng)力達(dá)到67.7440萬千瓦,比十年前2014年37.0767萬千瓦增長82.71%。拖拉機(jī)達(dá)到25571臺(tái),比十年前2014年16183臺(tái)增長58.01%。其中大中型(30馬力以上)拖拉機(jī)達(dá)到3948臺(tái),比十年前2014年174臺(tái)翻了22倍;拖拉機(jī)配套農(nóng)具達(dá)到61673臺(tái),比十年前2014年174臺(tái)翻了22倍,機(jī)具配套比達(dá)到1:2.4;聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)達(dá)到137臺(tái),比十年前2014年4臺(tái)翻了34倍;馬鈴薯、中藥材、林果、畜牧養(yǎng)殖、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械、智能農(nóng)機(jī)保有量快速增長。十年期間,全縣累計(jì)落實(shí)中央和省級(jí)農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼資金10743萬元,補(bǔ)貼各類農(nóng)機(jī)具32174萬臺(tái),受益農(nóng)戶21893戶,拉動(dòng)農(nóng)民和經(jīng)營組織投入25067萬元。開展農(nóng)機(jī)報(bào)廢更新補(bǔ)貼,報(bào)廢淘汰耗能高、污染重、安全性能低的老舊農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械36臺(tái)。歷年主要農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械擁有量如表1所示
 
  表1 會(huì)寧縣2014——2023年主要農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械擁有量
 
  1.2農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展水平邁上新臺(tái)階。2023年年底全縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到63.09%,比十年前2014年期末32.21%提高30.88個(gè)百分點(diǎn),與全省丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率持平。其中機(jī)耕水平達(dá)到92.55%、機(jī)播水平43.07%、機(jī)收水平43.84%??傮w進(jìn)入以機(jī)械作業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的新階段,并向農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的高級(jí)階段邁進(jìn)。其中小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯三大糧食作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率分別達(dá)到96.21%、61.54%和65.44%。歷年主要農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械擁有量如表2所示
 
  表2 :十年會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)作物耕、種、收機(jī)械化水平數(shù)據(jù)
 
  1.3農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)水平持續(xù)提升。持續(xù)培育壯大新型農(nóng)機(jī)經(jīng)營服務(wù)主體,推進(jìn)以農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械為載體,以為農(nóng)戶提供良種良法良機(jī)等技術(shù)裝備集成服務(wù)為重點(diǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù),涌現(xiàn)出“全程機(jī)械化+綜合農(nóng)事服務(wù)”“半托管全托管型服務(wù)”“保姆式托管、菜單式選擇、智能化服務(wù)”等不同類型的農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)新模式、新業(yè)態(tài)。全縣農(nóng)機(jī)合作社達(dá)到76個(gè),各類農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織達(dá)到278個(gè),農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)規(guī)模達(dá)到60多萬畝。十年期間,累計(jì)投入省級(jí)財(cái)政資金631萬元,組織開展“一鄉(xiāng)一農(nóng)機(jī)合作社”建設(shè)試點(diǎn)、農(nóng)機(jī)合作社裝備提升行動(dòng),扶持各類農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織151個(gè),其中扶持農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社38個(gè),鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)機(jī)合作社覆蓋率達(dá)到100%。歷年主要農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)主體省級(jí)補(bǔ)貼如表3所示
 
  表3:2014——2023年農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)主體享受省級(jí)補(bǔ)貼數(shù)據(jù)
 
  1.4強(qiáng)化農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)培訓(xùn),提升全縣農(nóng)機(jī)手技術(shù)。積極探索農(nóng)機(jī)培訓(xùn)新路子,擴(kuò)展農(nóng)機(jī)培訓(xùn)新領(lǐng)域,開展社會(huì)化服務(wù),構(gòu)建縣農(nóng)機(jī)校、 農(nóng)機(jī)經(jīng)銷商、農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)公司、農(nóng)機(jī)合作社于一體的全縣農(nóng)機(jī)培訓(xùn)體系,會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)機(jī)校根據(jù)自身實(shí)際,制定切實(shí)可行的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃,積極開展“高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)”“送學(xué)下鄉(xiāng)”活動(dòng), 不斷拓寬培訓(xùn)新路子。近五年來,全縣共完成各類農(nóng)機(jī)實(shí)用技術(shù)人員培訓(xùn) 8600人,其中:農(nóng)機(jī)實(shí)用技術(shù)培訓(xùn)5200人,大中型拖拉機(jī)、聯(lián)合收割機(jī)駕駛員培訓(xùn) 2500人,村“兩委”干部培訓(xùn)350人,農(nóng)機(jī)化管理人員培訓(xùn)550人。
 
  2 會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展存在的問題
 
  2.1地形復(fù)雜,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“ 無路可走 ”“ 無機(jī)可用 ”,機(jī)器作業(yè)條件差。會(huì)寧縣的地形地貌獨(dú)特,南部多高山大梁,北部低緩川塬,其耕地南部坡度大、面積??;北部水川地地塊小,不規(guī)則的特點(diǎn)并非傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)機(jī)的理想應(yīng)用場(chǎng)所,并限制了農(nóng)機(jī)推廣的規(guī)模。盡管現(xiàn)有一些輕型小型農(nóng)具已可供使用,但適用性差、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、效率低等問題太多, “機(jī)械化”無法充分發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì),難以在更大范圍內(nèi)推廣。此外,部分山地雖然近幾年來大力發(fā)展梯田建設(shè),但由于坡陡導(dǎo)致田塊窄小,而田塊間有較大落差,田間互通道路窄,機(jī)耕道窄而陡,使農(nóng)機(jī)進(jìn)入田間變得困難,高效大型農(nóng)機(jī)無法有效轉(zhuǎn)移及田間作業(yè);另外不同類型的坡耕地對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)爬坡越障 、制動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向、動(dòng)力底盤橫向姿勢(shì)自適應(yīng)調(diào)整等要求都不一樣,目前農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)比較缺乏相適應(yīng)的農(nóng)機(jī)??傮w而言,會(huì)寧縣的地形條件差,擁有的地塊細(xì)碎凌亂、坡多臺(tái)多埂多、形狀不規(guī)則等問題阻礙了會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)機(jī)化的發(fā)展。
 
  2.2 土壤復(fù)雜,種植品種多樣化,適宜機(jī)械缺乏。 會(huì)寧縣南北山川土壤差別大,主要糧食作物小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯整體適宜種植,糜子、谷子、蕎麥等小雜糧更適宜中南部種植,中藥材適宜最南端的楊集鎮(zhèn)種植、而北部川塬適合種植瓜果蔬菜。不同類型的農(nóng)作物需要的農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備也存在較大差異,機(jī)械化作業(yè)程度迥異。會(huì)寧縣玉米、馬鈴薯種植面積占農(nóng)作物總播種面積的33.07%、32.54%,但機(jī)播、機(jī)收水平在40 %左右,馬鈴薯機(jī)收、玉米機(jī)播適宜機(jī)械少,馬鈴薯機(jī)收半機(jī)械化,目前市場(chǎng)上的馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)大多是挖出土灑落地面,需要大量人工撿拾,玉米播種多采用半機(jī)械化的人工點(diǎn)播機(jī),小雜糧機(jī)收多用谷物聯(lián)合收割機(jī),損失率超過2%,蔬菜瓜果中藥材移栽仍然主要依賴手工,機(jī)械化程度較低??傮w而言,會(huì)寧縣的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展受到很大限制。
 
  2.3 農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合度低 目前會(huì)寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化以中小型為主,而大中型相對(duì)較少。在作物方面,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械主要用于糧食作物,而經(jīng)濟(jì)作物則運(yùn)用的較少。動(dòng)力機(jī)械多,但是配套機(jī)具相對(duì)缺乏;耕種和種植機(jī)械較多,但植保、收獲和秸稈處 理機(jī)械卻很少,甚至表現(xiàn)出結(jié)構(gòu)不夠均衡的情況。大部分是單一功能的手扶拖拉機(jī)或微耕機(jī)。因此這些類型的機(jī)器存在著結(jié)構(gòu)受限的問題,先進(jìn)的功能和新技術(shù)在這些機(jī)型上無法實(shí)現(xiàn)。
 
  2.4鄉(xiāng)村“ 空心化 ”和老齡化現(xiàn)象普遍。根據(jù)很明顯農(nóng)機(jī)購置與應(yīng)用補(bǔ)貼申請(qǐng)辦理服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計(jì),2014— 2019 年(這期間辦理購置補(bǔ)貼需本人在農(nóng)機(jī)局辦理),50歲及以上購機(jī)者占總購機(jī)戶數(shù)的 83.87%,農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)者的平均年齡達(dá)61歲。由于市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的作用與城鄉(xiāng)二元體制的運(yùn)行慣性的相互影響,農(nóng)村資源要素向城市集聚,大量人口向城市流動(dòng)。青壯年勞動(dòng)力外出,農(nóng)村人口結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大變化,農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)人員老齡化現(xiàn)象日益突出。由于農(nóng)村沒有堅(jiān)實(shí)的產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐,缺乏足夠的就業(yè)崗位很容易造成農(nóng)村的衰落和凋敝。隨著我國進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì),會(huì)寧縣的農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)人員老齡化趨勢(shì)日漸明顯,長此以往,必然造成土地閑置,無人種田,農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少,制約會(huì)寧縣的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn) 。
 
  2.5 農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼有限,農(nóng)戶購買力不足。我國實(shí)施的購機(jī)補(bǔ)貼政策起初主要面向大中型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械,對(duì)于適宜在丘陵山區(qū)使用的微耕機(jī)、手扶拖拉機(jī)等中小型農(nóng)機(jī),補(bǔ)貼程度相對(duì)較低,而且補(bǔ)貼程序比較復(fù)雜;2021 年,新一輪農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策明確優(yōu)先滿足保障糧食、生豬等重要農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、丘陵山區(qū)特色農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展和數(shù)字化發(fā)展所需機(jī)具的補(bǔ)貼需要。但是,對(duì)于部分適用于丘陵山區(qū)的小型、輕量化農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的補(bǔ)貼較少。這種不平衡的補(bǔ)貼政策,在一定程度上影響了農(nóng)戶購買農(nóng)機(jī)具的積極性,使得農(nóng)機(jī)具在丘陵山區(qū)的推廣受到了一定的阻礙。丘陵山區(qū)是我國農(nóng)業(yè)主產(chǎn)區(qū)和重要供給區(qū)之一,在丘陵山區(qū)選用適合的農(nóng)機(jī)具非常重要。小型農(nóng)機(jī)具不僅便于操作,而且有利于節(jié)約人力和物力成本,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。但是由于政策原因,這些農(nóng)機(jī)的普及率相對(duì)較低。因此,應(yīng) 當(dāng)適度調(diào)整農(nóng)機(jī)具購機(jī)補(bǔ)貼政策,增加對(duì)中小型農(nóng)機(jī)的補(bǔ)貼力度,減少程序上的復(fù)雜程度,讓更多適用于丘陵山區(qū)的小型農(nóng)機(jī)具得到補(bǔ)貼。這不僅可以提高農(nóng)民購買農(nóng)機(jī)具的積極性,而且能夠更好地滿足當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需求,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。
 
  2.6 農(nóng)機(jī)經(jīng)營效益不高。用戶購置農(nóng)機(jī),一方面滿足自己生產(chǎn)需要,另一方面也承擔(dān)服務(wù)其他農(nóng)戶或跨區(qū)域作業(yè)服務(wù),以此提高機(jī)器利用率,從而提高自身收益。但因地塊小,布局分散,造成跨區(qū)域作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)場(chǎng)困難、作業(yè)時(shí)間短、成本高、效率低的問題,影響用戶丘陵山區(qū)跨區(qū)作業(yè)的積極性。同時(shí),因農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)間較為集中,農(nóng)忙時(shí)難以滿足區(qū)域多數(shù)農(nóng)戶的需求,實(shí)際作業(yè)效益不高;農(nóng)閑時(shí)無需社會(huì)化作業(yè)服務(wù),造成農(nóng)機(jī)閑置的情況。
 
  2.7 農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械操作培訓(xùn)不足。農(nóng)機(jī)操作人員年齡基本在50歲左右以上,普遍較大。老齡農(nóng)戶接受能力相對(duì)較弱,往往需要較長的學(xué)習(xí)過程才能正確使用機(jī)具,而農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)、經(jīng)銷商在售機(jī)后雖有基本操作培訓(xùn),但一般不超過1天,效果不理想。例如用戶購買微耕機(jī),經(jīng)銷商送貨至用戶家中后,只簡單說明基本操作使用方法,后期以電話方式解答用戶使用問題;對(duì)操作較為復(fù)雜的植保無人機(jī),均由授權(quán)代理經(jīng)銷商進(jìn)行基本操作流程培訓(xùn),一般為3天,后由廠家授予操作手合格證,短期培訓(xùn)效果不盡如人意,用戶在操作使用中遇到問題時(shí),均采用電話咨詢,培訓(xùn)效果欠佳,易發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)或事故。
 
  3  加快農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展建議
 
  3.1強(qiáng)化政策引領(lǐng),積極謀劃爭取農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目。圍繞突破薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、破解制約瓶頸、補(bǔ)齊發(fā)展短板、縮小區(qū)域差距,通過鄉(xiāng)村振興、招商引資、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)等拉動(dòng)全縣經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)任務(wù),結(jié)合農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展實(shí)際,積極謀劃爭取農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)、農(nóng)機(jī)化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)、農(nóng)機(jī)抓點(diǎn)示范、特色產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)具保障等各類農(nóng)機(jī)化項(xiàng)目,以高質(zhì)量的項(xiàng)目實(shí)施加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化和農(nóng)機(jī)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)高質(zhì)量追趕發(fā)展。
 
  穩(wěn)定實(shí)施農(nóng)機(jī)購置與應(yīng)用補(bǔ)貼政策,充分發(fā)揮政策實(shí)施的導(dǎo)向作用,著力穩(wěn)重點(diǎn)、擴(kuò)范圍、優(yōu)服務(wù)、強(qiáng)監(jiān)管、提效能,突出優(yōu)機(jī)優(yōu)補(bǔ)、獎(jiǎng)優(yōu)罰劣,加大對(duì)智能和丘陵山區(qū)適用小型機(jī)械支撐力度,持續(xù)提升政策實(shí)施精準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化、便利化水平。支持農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)主體開展深松深耕、機(jī)播機(jī)收和生產(chǎn)托管服務(wù)。鼓勵(lì)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織等主體以各種形式開展機(jī)庫棚、機(jī)耕道、烘干機(jī)塔等基礎(chǔ)條件建設(shè),加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)搶種搶收搶烘服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。結(jié)合高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)等工作,積極推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造。推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新農(nóng)機(jī)金融保險(xiǎn)服務(wù),鼓勵(lì)開展農(nóng)機(jī)保險(xiǎn)。
 
  3.2大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造。改善農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)條件,推進(jìn)農(nóng)田地塊小并大、短并長、陡變平、彎變直和互聯(lián)互通,切實(shí)改善農(nóng)機(jī)通行和作業(yè)條件,提高農(nóng)機(jī)適應(yīng)性,提高農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)便利程度,擴(kuò)展大中型農(nóng)機(jī)運(yùn)用空間,加快補(bǔ)齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化基礎(chǔ)條件薄弱的短板。積極爭取項(xiàng)目資金,用于改善農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)條件,建設(shè)機(jī)耕道路,改造土地,擴(kuò)大耕地面積,為高效農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的推廣應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。
 
  3.3精準(zhǔn)施策,補(bǔ)齊短板,加快推進(jìn)主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化。緊盯小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯機(jī)收機(jī)種等薄弱環(huán)節(jié),推進(jìn)適用機(jī)具的研發(fā),提高機(jī)具實(shí)用性,可靠性,強(qiáng)化機(jī)械、栽培、品種集成配套,加強(qiáng)試驗(yàn)示范,總結(jié)推廣適宜技術(shù)路線和解決方案,補(bǔ)齊糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化短板。加快種子處理、高效植保、產(chǎn)地烘干、秸稈綜合利用等環(huán)節(jié)與耕種收環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化集成配套,推動(dòng)建立健全區(qū)域化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的高質(zhì)量糧食機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)體系。
 
  3.4加快農(nóng)機(jī)化新技術(shù)新機(jī)具的推廣應(yīng)用步伐。以示范點(diǎn)建設(shè)為依托,組織農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和農(nóng)機(jī)大戶、農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社結(jié)合農(nóng)時(shí)特點(diǎn),舉辦特色優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示觀摩活動(dòng),充分調(diào)動(dòng)群眾應(yīng)用農(nóng)機(jī)化新機(jī)具新技術(shù)的積極性,加大馬鈴薯、玉米、小雜糧等特色優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)成熟技術(shù)、裝備的推廣應(yīng)用力度,加快推進(jìn)全縣農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化進(jìn)程。
 
  3.5注重節(jié)能環(huán)保,推廣綠色農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)。鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備提出了更高的節(jié)能環(huán)保要求,高能耗、高污染的老舊機(jī)械必將逐步淘汰。 農(nóng)機(jī)推廣的重點(diǎn)將是符合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的動(dòng)力裝備,促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)節(jié)能減排和安全生產(chǎn),加大對(duì)機(jī)械化秸稈還田、秸稈利用、節(jié)水灌溉、高效植保、精準(zhǔn)施肥、 深耕深松、殘膜回收等綠色增產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)的推廣力度,促進(jìn)綠色農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)應(yīng)用,使農(nóng)村山更青、 水更秀、土地更有機(jī)。從主要農(nóng)作物全程機(jī)械化、 深耕深松機(jī)械化、保護(hù)性耕作機(jī)械化、秸稈利用機(jī)械化、推進(jìn)水肥一體化和畜牧業(yè)機(jī)械化、農(nóng)機(jī)報(bào)廢更新等重點(diǎn)工作入手,在切實(shí)保障糧食安全的基礎(chǔ)上,促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)節(jié)能減排,推動(dòng)土壤改良、地力培肥和揚(yáng)塵治理,切實(shí)保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境,改善農(nóng)民群眾的生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境。
 
  3.6壯大農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)。培育壯大農(nóng)機(jī)合作社、農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)專業(yè)戶等農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)主體,創(chuàng)新服務(wù)方式,推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)向農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全過程、全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈延伸,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營,促進(jìn)小農(nóng)戶和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機(jī)銜接。推廣“全程機(jī)械化+綜合農(nóng)事”“半托管全托管型服務(wù)”“保姆式托管、菜單式選擇、智能化服務(wù)”等新型服務(wù)模式,大力發(fā)展以農(nóng)機(jī)為載體的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管,擴(kuò)大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管面積和小農(nóng)戶覆蓋面。加強(qiáng)救災(zāi)防災(zāi)專用農(nóng)機(jī)裝備儲(chǔ)備建設(shè),提升農(nóng)機(jī)應(yīng)急服務(wù)能力。鼓勵(lì)大中專畢業(yè)生、退伍軍人、科技人員等創(chuàng)辦領(lǐng)辦新型農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織, 支持農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)區(qū)域中心建設(shè),引導(dǎo)鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)主體與家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、種植養(yǎng)殖大戶、農(nóng)民合作社及農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)等規(guī)模生產(chǎn)主體構(gòu)建農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)服務(wù)聯(lián)合體,探索實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)機(jī)互助、設(shè)備共享、互利共贏的有效方式,提高農(nóng)機(jī)使用效率。鼓勵(lì)、指導(dǎo)農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織通過跨區(qū)作業(yè)、訂單作業(yè)、生產(chǎn)托管、租賃經(jīng)營等多種形式,開展高效便捷的農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù),,提高作業(yè)效率和經(jīng)營效益。
 
  3.7、推動(dòng)農(nóng)機(jī)銷售、維修及零配件供應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。引導(dǎo)農(nóng)機(jī)流通體系, 加大農(nóng)機(jī)綜合服務(wù)市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)力度,完善農(nóng)機(jī)售后服務(wù)功能,提升售后服務(wù)水平,便利農(nóng)民購買、維修、使用農(nóng)機(jī)。貫徹落實(shí)國務(wù)院關(guān)于取消農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械維修技術(shù)合格證核發(fā)的決定,推動(dòng)農(nóng)機(jī)維修服務(wù)方式創(chuàng)新,激發(fā)農(nóng)機(jī)維修市場(chǎng)活力,為農(nóng)機(jī)手提供便捷高效的維修服務(wù)。積極推動(dòng)運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)技術(shù)建設(shè)便捷高效的農(nóng)機(jī)銷售、維修及零配件供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),提升農(nóng)機(jī)流通信息化、規(guī)?;健?br /> 
  3.8加快推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化智能化。積極引導(dǎo)高端智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備投入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),加快提升農(nóng)機(jī)裝備“耕、種、管、收”全程作業(yè)質(zhì)量與作業(yè)效率。大力推廣基于北斗、5G自動(dòng)駕駛、遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、智能控制等技術(shù)在大型拖拉機(jī)、聯(lián)合收割機(jī)等機(jī)具上的應(yīng)用,引導(dǎo)高端智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備加快發(fā)展。
 
  3.9全面開展農(nóng)機(jī)技能培訓(xùn)。農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)是保證農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵,各級(jí)農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)部門要高度重視農(nóng)機(jī)師資隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)培育, 要形成系統(tǒng)化、精準(zhǔn)化的培訓(xùn)體制,為基層培養(yǎng)更多更高質(zhì)量的農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)人才。健全農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化培訓(xùn)體系,創(chuàng)新開展教育培訓(xùn),在發(fā)揮好現(xiàn)有農(nóng)機(jī)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)作用的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用“校舍課堂”、“田間課堂”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂”、“演示課堂”等多種培訓(xùn)方式,分層次、分時(shí)段、有步驟地開展新購機(jī)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)、農(nóng)機(jī)合作社負(fù)責(zé)人培訓(xùn)、農(nóng)機(jī)科技人員培訓(xùn)、主要農(nóng)時(shí)重點(diǎn)技術(shù)專項(xiàng)培訓(xùn)、拖拉機(jī)和聯(lián)合收割機(jī)駕駛操作培訓(xùn),不斷提高農(nóng)機(jī)使用、操作、維修、保養(yǎng)、經(jīng)營、管理人員理論知識(shí)和操作技能水平,為全縣農(nóng)機(jī)化事業(yè)發(fā)展提供人才保障。
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