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冬春季茶園生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2021-12-22 09:16:26 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司 閱讀量：18284 評論

導(dǎo)讀：春茶是全年茶葉生產(chǎn)的重中之重，冬春季是加強茶園管理、促進春茶提質(zhì)增效的關(guān)鍵時期。為加強冬春季茶園管理，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部茶葉專家指導(dǎo)組制定冬春季茶園生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見如下。

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全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心         農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部茶葉專家指導(dǎo)組
 
　　春茶是全年茶葉生產(chǎn)的重中之重，冬春季是加強茶園管理、促進春茶提質(zhì)增效的關(guān)鍵時期。為加強冬春季茶園管理，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部茶葉專家指導(dǎo)組制定冬春季茶園生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見如下。
 
　　一、做好災(zāi)害預(yù)防
 
　　1.預(yù)防凍害。密切關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報，寒潮到來前落實茶園行間覆草和茶樹蓬面覆蓋草簾、薄膜或遮陽網(wǎng)等防凍措施，寒潮結(jié)束后及時揭去茶樹蓬面覆蓋物；寒潮到來時，可采取灌水或噴灌，減輕寒害和凍害。待氣溫恢復(fù)正常后，及時對受凍茶園進行修剪，對凍害程度較輕的輕修剪，剪除凍死枝葉，盡量保持采摘面，對凍害程度重的茶園，進行深修剪、重修剪或臺刈，剪除凍死枝條。
 
　　2.預(yù)防春旱。有灌溉條件的茶園，及時修整灌溉設(shè)施設(shè)備，清理蓄水池，積極蓄水備用。在茶園尤其幼齡茶園行間覆蓋作物秸稈保墑。在降雨后及時淺耕松土，以利蓄水保墑。
 
　　二、加強營養(yǎng)管理
 
　　1.增施有機肥。冬施有機肥有利于促進茶樹生長、提高鮮葉質(zhì)量，根據(jù)土壤肥力狀況和有機肥營養(yǎng)含量，有條件的地區(qū)可在12月—次年1月，沿茶樹滴水線采取溝施，一般200公斤/畝左右。
 
　　2.噴施葉面肥。為增強茶樹養(yǎng)分儲藏，提高春茶產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，12月份可噴施氨基酸葉面肥等營養(yǎng)型葉面肥1次，1月至2月再噴施1-2次，2次噴施間隔期2周，可用無人機噴施。
 
　　3.追肥氮肥。名優(yōu)茶產(chǎn)區(qū)可在春茶開采前40-50天施用速效氮肥，每畝5-8公斤純氮；烏龍茶和大宗綠茶產(chǎn)區(qū)在開采前20-30天施用速效氮肥，每畝5-8公斤純氮。
 
　　三、做好春茶生產(chǎn)前準備
 
　　1.檢修生產(chǎn)機具。對采摘、加工和田間作業(yè)機具進行維修、保養(yǎng)，確保正常使用；查漏補缺，及時采購、安裝調(diào)試短缺機具。
 
　　2.備足生產(chǎn)資料。提前采購生產(chǎn)資料，備好春茶生產(chǎn)所需肥料、燃料、病蟲防控用品、疫情防護裝備等。
 
　　3.清理生產(chǎn)場所。清理茶園灌排溝渠，整修茶園道路，清潔加工廠及周邊環(huán)境。
 
　　4.做好生產(chǎn)培訓。利用冬閑期組織采茶和加工人員培訓，提升采摘加工作業(yè)技能和安全生產(chǎn)意識。

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