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今日秋分│金秋九月豐收季，三秋時(shí)節(jié)農(nóng)事忙

2021-09-23 12:01:05 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：29951 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：秋分前后，由于降溫快，使得秋收、秋耕、秋種的三秋大忙顯得格外緊張。華北地區(qū)已開始播種冬麥，長江流域及南部廣大地區(qū)正忙著晚稻的收割，搶晴耕翻土地，準(zhǔn)備油菜播種。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 今天是二十四節(jié)氣之一的秋分節(jié)氣，也是秋季的第四個(gè)節(jié)氣。秋分日后，太陽光直射位置南移，北半球晝短夜長，晝夜溫差加大，氣溫逐日下降。2018年起，國家將每年秋分設(shè)立為“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”，這是在國家層面為農(nóng)民設(shè)立的第一個(gè)節(jié)日。
 
　　秋分前后，由于降溫快，使得秋收、秋耕、秋種的三秋大忙顯得格外緊張。華北地區(qū)已開始播種冬麥，長江流域及南部廣大地區(qū)正忙著晚稻的收割，搶晴耕翻土地，準(zhǔn)備油菜播種。
 
　　主要農(nóng)事活動(dòng)
 
　　晚稻
 
　　在冷空氣入侵時(shí)，對(duì)晚稻采用灌水保溫，灌水二寸以上；低溫來臨時(shí)，采取晴天日排夜灌、雨天灌滿水，一般天氣干干濕濕，以濕為主。晚稻抽穗以后，不再長根長葉，營養(yǎng)生長基本停止。根系吸肥吸水功能下降，如果管理不當(dāng)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)“大穗有余，結(jié)實(shí)不足，前勁有余，后勁不足”的早衰現(xiàn)象。因此，要防斷水過早。
 

 

　　晚稻齊穗以后，隨著氣溫的逐漸下降，根系吸收功能日益衰退，而穗部尚在營養(yǎng)充實(shí)階段，需要足夠的營養(yǎng)供應(yīng)。
 
　　播種
 
　　收獲玉米后，抓緊深耕、施肥和播前整地3個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。麥田的耕作整地應(yīng)做到：深耕深翻，加深耕層；耕透耙透，不漏耕漏耙；土壤細(xì)碎，無明暗坷垃；地面平整；上虛下實(shí)；蓄水保墑和底墑充足。只有這樣才會(huì)為冬小麥高產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備出良好的水、肥、土基礎(chǔ)條件。
 
　　棉花
 
　　適時(shí)分期采摘新棉，堅(jiān)持“四分四快”，就是分收、分曬、分藏、分售和快收、快曬、快揀、快售，以提高品質(zhì)。
 
　　蔬菜
 
　　秋分之時(shí)，可以進(jìn)行菠菜、大蒜、黃芽菜的播種定植，對(duì)于秋收蔬菜，要加強(qiáng)管理，延長采收供應(yīng)期，提高蔬菜的商品品質(zhì)。
 
　　冬小麥
 
　　東北、西北地區(qū)的冬小麥開始播種，注意要提高小麥的發(fā)芽成活率，為小麥高產(chǎn)墊定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　此外，秋分前后北方已有較強(qiáng)冷空氣侵入，而臺(tái)風(fēng)和熱帶氣旋也不示弱，與之結(jié)合，有可能產(chǎn)生暴雨和大暴雨，造成洪澇災(zāi)害，應(yīng)注意防范。
 
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