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2021年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部重大引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)正式發(fā)布，和這些農(nóng)機(jī)息息相關(guān)

2021-09-03 17:13:45 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：42931 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：自2017年起，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部便組織開(kāi)展重大引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)集成示范工作，共圍繞糧食高效生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、綠色生態(tài)種養(yǎng)，耕地質(zhì)量提升等方面集成示范相關(guān)技術(shù)30余項(xiàng)，為引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)換代，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)高效發(fā)展，確保糧食安全和重要農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品供給提供了有力的科技支撐。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 為充分發(fā)揮科技創(chuàng)新的引領(lǐng)帶動(dòng)作用，全面支持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布了2021年重大引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)。
 
　　此次發(fā)布的10項(xiàng)重大引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)分別是：稻麥綠色豐產(chǎn)“無(wú)人化”栽培技術(shù)、水稻大缽體毯狀苗機(jī)械化育秧插秧技術(shù)、水稻機(jī)插緩混一次施肥技術(shù)、蔬菜流水線貼接法高效嫁接育苗技術(shù)、草地貪夜蛾綜合防控技術(shù)、苜蓿套種青貯玉米高效生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、床場(chǎng)一體化養(yǎng)牛技術(shù)、池塘小水體工程化循環(huán)流水養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)、秸稈炭化還田固碳減排技術(shù)、陸基高位圓池循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)。
 
　　自2017年起，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部便組織開(kāi)展重大引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)集成示范工作，共圍繞糧食高效生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、綠色生態(tài)種養(yǎng)，耕地質(zhì)量提升等方面集成示范相關(guān)技術(shù)30余項(xiàng)，為引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)換代，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)高效發(fā)展，確保糧食安全和重要農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品供給提供了有力的科技支撐。
 
　　十項(xiàng)重大引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)的發(fā)布，對(duì)強(qiáng)化農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合、推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)增效和區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)具有重大帶動(dòng)作用。而引領(lǐng)性技術(shù)和農(nóng)機(jī)裝備水平關(guān)系密切，此次發(fā)布的十項(xiàng)技術(shù)中部分需要依靠植保無(wú)人機(jī)、水稻插秧機(jī)等農(nóng)機(jī)作為載體。下面具體介紹一下前三項(xiàng)技術(shù)：
 
　　稻麥綠色豐產(chǎn)“無(wú)人化”栽培技術(shù)
 
　　以稻麥栽培“無(wú)人化”作業(yè)技術(shù)為核心，配套無(wú)人機(jī)飛防高效植保技術(shù)、智能遠(yuǎn)程控制灌溉技術(shù)和智能精準(zhǔn)無(wú)人化收獲技術(shù)，創(chuàng)建稻麥生產(chǎn)“無(wú)人化”作業(yè)技術(shù)體系，解決未來(lái)糧食“怎么種、靠誰(shuí)種”的技術(shù)問(wèn)題，推動(dòng)糧食生產(chǎn)由機(jī)械化向“無(wú)人化”跨越，為糧食生產(chǎn)簡(jiǎn)單化、低成本化、豐產(chǎn)化、高效化提供強(qiáng)有力的科技支撐。
 

 

　　農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)人化是近幾年來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的“熱點(diǎn)”，其中植保無(wú)人機(jī)是發(fā)展快、普及面廣、高效實(shí)用的智能裝備之一。除此之外，依靠北斗定位技術(shù)的機(jī)械化無(wú)人化播種、無(wú)人化收割等也都開(kāi)始應(yīng)用和普及。
 
　　水稻大缽體毯狀苗機(jī)械化育秧插秧技術(shù)
 
　　充分發(fā)揮水稻缽體苗栽培高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的農(nóng)藝技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)和機(jī)插秧高效精準(zhǔn)機(jī)械化作業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，系統(tǒng)集成大缽毯苗秧盤、精準(zhǔn)對(duì)位精量播種、秧苗秧期綜合管理、高速機(jī)械栽插等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，縮短插秧后秧苗緩苗期、延長(zhǎng)了適宜機(jī)插秧齡，解決了雙季稻區(qū)和東北寒地稻區(qū)水稻適宜生育期不足難題。
 
　　這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的體現(xiàn)之一。自2019年起，國(guó)家實(shí)施精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目，已累計(jì)支持國(guó)內(nèi)骨干農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)推廣前裝農(nóng)機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程終端10多萬(wàn)套、農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)0.25萬(wàn)套、后裝農(nóng)機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)維終端1.4萬(wàn)套，有力提升了農(nóng)機(jī)無(wú)人駕駛應(yīng)用水平。
 
　　水稻機(jī)插緩混一次施肥技術(shù)
 
　　將不同釋放速率的緩控釋肥進(jìn)行科學(xué)混合組配，使得混配肥料養(yǎng)分釋放規(guī)律與優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)水稻二次吸肥高峰同步，配套水稻機(jī)插側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)，構(gòu)建了滿足水稻全生育期養(yǎng)分需求的一次施肥模式，有效減輕了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)插水稻生產(chǎn)節(jié)本增效。
 

 

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