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抗擊疫情,保障農(nóng)機有效供給——2020年一季度農(nóng)機工業(yè)運行情況

2020-05-09 09:22:17 來源:中國農(nóng)機工業(yè)協(xié)會 作者:寧學貴 閱讀量:16967 評論

導讀: 1-3月份全國農(nóng)機規(guī)模以上企業(yè)營業(yè)收入同比下降17.19%,去年同期增長4.69%。1-3月份全國機械行業(yè)營業(yè)收入同比下降24.11%,去年同期機械行業(yè)營業(yè)收入的增長5.08%。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 疫情下,為農(nóng)業(yè)春耕生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)村脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)提供裝備支撐的農(nóng)機工業(yè)的運行受到了方方面面的關注。
 
  1-3月份全國農(nóng)機規(guī)模以上企業(yè)營業(yè)收入同比下降17.19%,去年同期增長4.69%。1-3月份全國機械行業(yè)營業(yè)收入同比下降24.11%,去年同期機械行業(yè)營業(yè)收入的增長5.08%。機械行業(yè)中其它行業(yè)的下滑更為明顯,內(nèi)燃機行業(yè)營業(yè)收入同比下降12.26%;工程機械營業(yè)收入同比下降16.46%;汽車工業(yè)營業(yè)收入同比下降30.63%。從上數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,相對機械行業(yè)其它子行業(yè),面對疫情,農(nóng)機工業(yè)在第一季度的表現(xiàn)可圈可點。
 
  1-3月份農(nóng)機工業(yè)利潤總額同比下降16.67%,上年同期利潤增長3.30%。今年1-3月機械行業(yè)利潤同比下降56.58%。
 
  農(nóng)機規(guī)模以上企業(yè)一季度營業(yè)成本提高了6.92%。32.27%的出現(xiàn)企業(yè)經(jīng)營性虧損,虧損面比去年增加了9個百分點。新冠病毒疫情對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營及企業(yè)運營產(chǎn)生較大影響。如生產(chǎn)企業(yè)物流成本增長、采購成本提高、預算外防疫費用大幅增加等等,這些因素導致了企業(yè)經(jīng)營成本的上升。
 
  中國農(nóng)機工業(yè)協(xié)會所屬企業(yè)管理委員會負責行業(yè)骨干企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計和交流,他們發(fā)布的一季度骨干企業(yè)主要產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量多有不同程度的下降。拖拉機總產(chǎn)量下降15.08%,其中大中拖產(chǎn)量下降20.97%,小四輪產(chǎn)量下降56.28%,手扶拖拉機產(chǎn)量下降40.28%。拖拉機銷售總量有5.12%的增長。去年下半年拖拉機市場局部回暖,企業(yè)對市場信心有所增強,2019年年底生產(chǎn)儲備量增加,骨干企業(yè)春耕銷售季產(chǎn)品存量得以釋放,庫存消化較快,一季度拖拉機行業(yè)的產(chǎn)銷率為118%。小四輪庫存下降96.46%;大中拖庫存下降11.27%;手扶拖拉機庫存下降24.05%。同時由于企業(yè)復工復產(chǎn)晚,拖拉機總的產(chǎn)能有限,中國一拖、雷沃阿波斯、山東五征、江蘇沃得等大企業(yè)拖拉機銷售出現(xiàn)可喜的增長。
 
  骨干企業(yè)小麥收獲機下降7.04%。履帶式水稻收獲機下降34.23%,整體市場尚待恢復,其中江蘇沃得、雷沃阿波斯、蘇州久保田等企業(yè)業(yè)績突出。插秧機下降11.08%,下降幅度收窄。玉米收獲機生產(chǎn)尚未正式啟動。
 
  1-3月份農(nóng)機工業(yè)出口交貨值同比下降7.62%。輪式拖拉機出口9952臺,比去年增長了30.91%。由于外資企業(yè)普遍復工時間相對晚,美國愛科、約翰迪爾等大型拖拉機的出口大幅度下降。復工比較好的中國一拖、常州東風、雷沃阿波斯大型拖拉機出口影響較弱,中聯(lián)重機、江蘇沃得、江蘇常發(fā)大拖出口還有較大的增長。聯(lián)合收獲機出口3075臺,較去年3月份提高了6個百分點,主要出口印度尼西亞和孟加拉等國家;插秧機出口1292臺,比去年同期增長了17.67%,伊朗是我們大的市場。
 
  抗擊新冠肺炎疫情是一場戰(zhàn)役。疫情肆虐時正值春耕季節(jié),農(nóng)機的有效供給對保證疫情下糧食不減產(chǎn)、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品豐富供給至關重要。農(nóng)機企業(yè)抗擊疫情取得了不錯的好成績。
 
  一是企業(yè)積極努力。機械行業(yè)一季度運行中,農(nóng)機企業(yè)業(yè)績下滑的相對小一些,得益于各級政府大力支持農(nóng)機企業(yè)復工復產(chǎn),農(nóng)機企業(yè)復工時間早,復產(chǎn)工作力度大,農(nóng)機骨干企業(yè)多數(shù)在3月初就完全恢復了正常的生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營。
 
  二是國家政策支持力度大。今年國家繼續(xù)加大對農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)的財政支持,在全國范圍實施農(nóng)業(yè)機械報廢更新補貼、大力推進畜牧業(yè)機械化、實施東北黑土地保護性耕作行動計劃、著力恢復早稻生產(chǎn)、推進農(nóng)機購機補貼工作等等,都有力地拉動了整個農(nóng)機市場。
 
  疫情對各行各業(yè)都有影響。農(nóng)機作為重要的生產(chǎn)工具,在一定區(qū)域、特定季節(jié)、應急救災中有著剛性的需求和使命。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工藝、模式、水平各式各樣,農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品種類多,市場需求差異化大。因此,疫情對行業(yè)拖拽下行的影響并不是全面覆蓋,影響程度也不盡相同。比如疫情防治噴藥機械需求量大,行業(yè)骨干植保機械企業(yè)訂單成倍增長;疫情加大了部分地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)勞動力的缺口,有地方小麥聯(lián)合收獲機、拖拉機等出現(xiàn)了旺銷。疫情也帶來了新的市場需求和發(fā)展機遇,企業(yè)供應鏈進行一步優(yōu)化,玉柴一季度農(nóng)機業(yè)務就出現(xiàn)了明顯的增長,達到歷史新高。
 
  疫情爆發(fā)以來,一些國家先后禁止谷物和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口,糧價上漲,糧食危機風險凸顯。這次疫情再次警示世人保障糧食供應意義十分重大,農(nóng)業(yè)是穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟社會的“壓艙石”,中國必須確保糧食自給,為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)服務的農(nóng)機工業(yè)必須得到提升和發(fā)展。重大疫情讓政府和農(nóng)民對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式和先進農(nóng)機裝備有更深刻的認識,農(nóng)機工業(yè)技術進步和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級責任重大。
 
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