今日要聞

2020年春播花生生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2020-04-09 09:33:21 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部油料專家指導(dǎo)組 閱讀量：20701 評論

導(dǎo)讀： 目前，我國春播花生已全面進(jìn)入備播階段，黃淮海、長江流域及以南地區(qū)春播花生陸續(xù)開始播種。根據(jù)各地生產(chǎn)條件和市場需求，全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部油料專家指導(dǎo)組，提出2020年春播花生生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 目前，我國春播花生已全面進(jìn)入備播階段，黃淮海、長江流域及以南地區(qū)春播花生陸續(xù)開始播種。根據(jù)各地生產(chǎn)條件和市場需求，全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部油料專家指導(dǎo)組，提出2020年春播花生生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。
 
　　一、選用專用品種，提早備足種子
 
　　合理選擇高油、高油酸、高蛋白、適宜食品加工等優(yōu)質(zhì)專用品種，滿足油用、食用、加工、出口等不同用途的差異化需求。黃淮海產(chǎn)區(qū)中等以上地力田塊，露地花生或地膜覆蓋花生宜選擇生育期125天左右的優(yōu)質(zhì)專用、中大果型品種；瘠薄地或連作地宜選擇生育期125天左右的優(yōu)質(zhì)專用、中小果型品種。東北產(chǎn)區(qū)選用生育期125天以內(nèi)的中早熟、中小果型品種，其中高緯度、無霜期短、積溫低的地區(qū)選用生育期115天以內(nèi)的早熟、小果型品種。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)選用生育期120天左右的珍珠豆型品種。南疆地區(qū)選用生育期125天左右的中大果型品種，北疆地區(qū)選用生育期120天以內(nèi)的中小果型品種。青枯病、爛果病易發(fā)區(qū)要選用高抗品種；機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)程度高的產(chǎn)區(qū)，要選擇成熟一致性好、果柄韌性較強、適宜機(jī)械化收獲品種。
 
　　二、落實關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，提高播種質(zhì)量
 
　　一是造墑?wù)亍?/strong>播前精細(xì)整地，做到上虛下實、地平無土塊；播種時土壤含水量在65%—75%時為宜，干旱時造墑播種，在無水澆條件時，應(yīng)做到有墑不等時、時到不等墑，播種深度3—4厘米。二是種子處理。播種*—15天種子剝殼，剝殼前可帶殼曬種2—3天，剔除霉變、破損、發(fā)芽的種子，按籽粒大小分級保存、分級播種。采用機(jī)械脫殼的種子，一定要進(jìn)行發(fā)芽試驗，根據(jù)發(fā)芽率情況確定適宜播量。播種前進(jìn)行拌種或包衣，陰涼通風(fēng)處晾干即可播種。三是適期播種。春播露地大粒型、小粒型和高油酸品種播期氣溫應(yīng)分別穩(wěn)定在17℃、15℃和19℃以上，地膜覆蓋播期可比露地提早7—10天。黃淮海產(chǎn)區(qū)播期一般在4月下旬至5月上旬，東北產(chǎn)區(qū)在5月中、下旬，西北產(chǎn)區(qū)在5月上、中旬。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)珍珠豆型花生應(yīng)氣溫穩(wěn)定在12℃以上，于“冷尾暖頭”搶晴播種，高油酸花生品種應(yīng)適當(dāng)晚播。四是合理密植。一般春播大粒型品種雙粒畝播0.8—1萬穴，小粒型品種雙粒畝播0.9—1.1萬穴，肥水條件較好的地塊宜稀播，旱薄地塊宜密植。
 
　　三、加強田間管理，提高群體質(zhì)量
 
　　一是科學(xué)施肥。花生施肥以底肥為主，追肥為輔。酸性土壤可適當(dāng)增施石灰、鈣鎂磷肥等含鈣肥料；連作土壤可適當(dāng)增施石灰氮、生物菌肥；肥力較低的礫質(zhì)砂土、粗砂壤土和生茬地，增施花生根瘤菌肥。二是適期澆水。足墑播種的花生，幼苗期一般不需澆水；花針期和結(jié)莢期如遇干旱，及時適量澆水。飽果期遇旱及時小水輕澆潤灌。南方或降雨較多地區(qū)花生田要做到“三溝”通暢，防止?jié)n害。三是中耕除草。露地花生播種后1—3天，用適宜的芽前除草劑噴施地面，封閉除草；地膜花生人工播種鋪膜可在播種后、覆膜前，噴施除草劑，機(jī)械播種鋪膜與噴施除草劑一次性完成。當(dāng)花生接近封壟時，露地花生在行間、地膜花生在壟間穿溝培土，做到溝清、土暄、壟腰胖、壟頂凹，以利于果針入土結(jié)實。四是合理控旺。當(dāng)植株生長至35—40厘米時，對出現(xiàn)旺長的地塊用適宜的生長調(diào)節(jié)劑進(jìn)行控制。五是綠色防控。采用物理誘殺和生物防治等方法防治蟲害、化學(xué)藥劑防治病害。推廣黑光燈、性誘劑和誘蟲板等物理誘殺技術(shù)。華南地區(qū)通過科學(xué)輪作和間作預(yù)防病蟲草害。
 
　　四、適期安全收獲，確保豐產(chǎn)豐收
 
　　花生一般在主莖中下部大部分葉片變黃脫落、上部還剩3—4片綠葉時，大果型品種飽滿莢果比率達(dá)到70%以上，小果型品種飽滿莢果比率達(dá)到80%以上，即可收獲。具體收獲期還應(yīng)根據(jù)天氣和地塊情況靈活掌握。收獲后應(yīng)盡快晾曬或烘干，使莢果含水率降至10%以下，鮮食用花生宜及時冷藏、冷鏈運輸。清選入庫后，應(yīng)注意控制貯藏條件，避免貯藏害蟲危害和黃曲霉毒素污染的發(fā)生。

上一篇： 江蘇召開西藍(lán)花、青毛豆生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化裝備與技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用項目啟動會

下一篇：上海市嘉定區(qū)開展新型蔬菜收獲機(jī)試驗

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關(guān)。

[{"ID":"3222037","Picture":"d939ceae0c7984b8db130c2e7a34688590d6d701e0cd2c4b8670b2b00e94dd435c0abba56a8bfb4e.png","PictureDomain":"img53","Name":"電能質(zhì)量檢測裝置","Type":"APM520/S","Descrip":"電能質(zhì)量檢測裝置主要用于電網(wǎng)供電質(zhì)量的綜合監(jiān)控，按IEC國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計，具有全電量測量、電能統(tǒng)計、電能質(zhì)量分析（包括諧波、間諧波、閃變）、故障錄波功能(包括電壓暫升暫降中斷、沖擊電流等記錄)、事件記錄功能及網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊等功能。","CompanyName":"安科瑞電氣股份有限公司","CompanyID":"131681","MarketPrice":"1596","PsOrder":"4231","PgID":"76","MaxOrder":"5","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"4","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"2","StarNum":"5","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558850","StandUrl":"/st131681","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 23:30:41","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"0","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"安科瑞","PBrandID":"284","IsHadVideo":"1","VideoTime":"310","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1024231","HasPicSort":"103222037","UserID":"144670","PriceType":"1","PictureID":"1786960","CompanyTypeID":"3","Tag":"柜內(nèi)智能測量儀表,智能電能表,網(wǎng)絡(luò)電力儀表,三相多功能電能表,故障錄波儀表","LinkMan":"吳柯霓","TelPhone":"86-021-69151050","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"電動機(jī)綜合保護(hù)器，智能數(shù)據(jù)采集器，機(jī)房動環(huán)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，動環(huán)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，物業(yè)收費系統(tǒng)，宿舍售電系統(tǒng)，智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，智慧園區(qū)管理系統(tǒng)，多用戶預(yù)付費電表，宿舍預(yù)付費電表，智能安全配電裝置，充電樁直流表，發(fā)熱點測溫裝置，4G多功能電表，分時計費電表","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"1596","RetailPrice":"1596","ComHitnumber":"39350","MarketUpdateTime":"2024/12/22 23:30:40","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 23:30:39","Flag":"1","PackageName":"高級會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"曹珮","Reprint":"","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13564678824"},{"ID":"3186916","Picture":"mt0001/bc84567bfd36087e562d61b0cc07db8c69ce2383d4ca31daffea677d92f748618e91f49e4817ad33.jpg","PictureDomain":"img70","Name":"上海TGA熱重分析儀","Type":"DZ-TGA101","Descrip":"DZ-TGA101是南京大展檢測儀器生產(chǎn)一款tga熱重分析儀，采用全新的爐體設(shè)計，精度高，熱穩(wěn)定性高，操作簡單等優(yōu)勢。","CompanyName":"南京大展檢測儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"141344","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"86","City":"南京市","Address":"南京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"40","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558675","StandUrl":"/st141344","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:35:01","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103186916","UserID":"154340","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1973112","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"陳經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"400-885-2060","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"差示掃描量熱儀、熱重分析儀、同步熱分析儀、炭黑含量測試儀、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)測試儀和差熱分析儀等儀器的研發(fā)、制造。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2190","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/14 6:59:40","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13357721930"},{"ID":"3146759","Picture":"mt0001/62b67f438055e75401f1d156b46d5220b01d828f6206d975678774d9730e941846756d889d63d9f0.jpg","PictureDomain":"img79","Name":"真空烘箱報價","Type":"","Descrip":"DZF6050真空烘箱廣泛應(yīng)用于生物化學(xué)、化工制藥、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)業(yè)科研、環(huán)境保護(hù)等研究領(lǐng)域，作粉末干燥、烘焙以及各類玻璃容器的消毒和滅菌之用。特別適合對于干燥熱敏性、易氧化分解和復(fù)雜成分物品進(jìn)行快速高效的干燥處理。","CompanyName":"寧波賽茵儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"140663","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"100","City":"寧波市","Address":"寧波市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"118","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558674","StandUrl":"/st140663","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:34:30","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103146759","UserID":"153653","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1946451","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"夏三宇","TelPhone":"86-0574-88365938","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"真空烘箱,恒溫干燥箱,培養(yǎng)箱,恒溫恒濕箱","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"4083","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/9/23 13:59:19","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13616560682"},{"ID":"2934248","Picture":"5646a23e59c232715ee61a7bf0b5d5f6c8475c8e6fa35a8bfafdc1f6be88d862b3ae295ac212ffc5.jpg","PictureDomain":"img76","Name":"感應(yīng)停車交通罐車開關(guān)","Type":"","Descrip":"交通罐車開關(guān)Q-TC01-24-G防爆磁性感應(yīng)停車開關(guān)是礦山自動化控制裝置及繼電保護(hù)裝置中做快速切換電路之用。是自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展中的一種新型開關(guān)，本開關(guān)抗力強，適用于煤礦井下無瓦斯、煤塵惡劣危險場所使用，作為井筒提升機(jī)減速點，限位停車、過卷保護(hù)開關(guān)、裝卸載閘門、風(fēng)門控制及巷道運輸、礦車計數(shù)，推車機(jī)，播臺還被廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山、機(jī)械、輕工、冶金、化工、紡織及科研等部門。","CompanyName":"麻城施邁賽工業(yè)自動化有限公司","CompanyID":"129135","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"191","City":"黃岡市","Address":"黃岡市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"76","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558673","StandUrl":"/st129135","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:33:04","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102934248","UserID":"142124","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1687976","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"向楊","TelPhone":"0713-2117311","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"接近開關(guān)、光電開關(guān)、拉繩開關(guān)、跑偏開關(guān)、打滑開關(guān)、磁性開關(guān)、傾斜開關(guān)、縱向撕裂開關(guān)、溜槽堵塞開關(guān)、行程開關(guān)","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"31340","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/21 4:35:05","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13636102066"},{"ID":"3222013","Picture":"mt0001/0497b4e3566c142003e80b39e7059489ecffb9b263c74d23289221ef77a6ae786bf0518f71413f9e.png","PictureDomain":"img64","Name":"維根斯頂置式攪拌器批發(fā)","Type":"WB2000-A","Descrip":"wiggens維根斯頂置式攪拌器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型頂置攪拌器提供實驗室常規(guī)攪拌使用的頂置攪拌器 WB2000-M 為數(shù)字顯示 , 大旋鈕調(diào)節(jié) , 方便實驗室使用 , 即使戴著手套操作也可以準(zhǔn)確調(diào)節(jié)需要的轉(zhuǎn)速 , 同時具有速度的數(shù)字反饋 , 保證攪拌的恒定的轉(zhuǎn)速和扭距。","CompanyName":"天津浩創(chuàng)科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141786","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"2","City":"天津市","Address":"天津市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"3","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558661","StandUrl":"/st141786","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:21:21","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103222013","UserID":"154787","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"2000255","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"姚雅珍","TelPhone":"022-87192739","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"博勒飛粘度計，IKA攪拌器，賽多利斯天平，atago折射計，優(yōu)萊博水浴","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"0","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 20:21:21","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13920127143"},{"ID":"3180413","Picture":"mt0001/dff4085807f5b9022c04e5a5ce603cb30441907f82b7a39a9592c97f1d7cf7f8cb2325678daf2fdb.jpg","PictureDomain":"img48","Name":"銷售進(jìn)口VICI色譜閥Valco六通閥哪家好","Type":"VICI","Descrip":"Valco十通閥/四通閥/六通閥/8通閥：Valco十通閥 由鄭州旭邁爾儀器有限公司為您提供！3 通 - 12 通閥?！?2“、3“和 6“ 加長桿可選?！?材料：Hasloy C合金、Inconel 600合金、Monel 400合金、Nickel 200合金、Nitronic 50合金、Titanium、Zirconium合金","CompanyName":"鄭州旭邁爾儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"141309","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"392","City":"國外","Address":"國外","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"119","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558661","StandUrl":"/st141309","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:21:45","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103180413","UserID":"154305","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1971892","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"秦先生","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"農(nóng)藥殘留檢測儀，食品安全檢測儀，酒精檢測儀，棒式酒精測試儀，油煙檢測儀，水質(zhì)檢測儀，混凝土測溫儀，氣體報警檢測儀等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2130","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/6 19:24:52","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"17837198913"}]