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臺風(fēng)“利奇馬”對水稻生產(chǎn)影響及災(zāi)后恢復(fù)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2019-08-14 09:00:22 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量：19703 評論

導(dǎo)讀：當(dāng)前，長江下游地區(qū)一季中稻多處于拔節(jié)孕穗期，部分雜交稻進(jìn)入破口抽穗期；東北地區(qū)一季稻陸續(xù)進(jìn)入抽穗灌漿期，是水稻產(chǎn)量形成的關(guān)鍵時期。針對臺風(fēng)對水稻生產(chǎn)帶來的不利影響和潛在風(fēng)險，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部水稻專家指導(dǎo)組會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心提出“兩促一降”的災(zāi)后恢復(fù)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】今年第9號臺風(fēng)“利奇馬”已于8月10日凌晨在浙江溫嶺登陸，給華東5省(市)及東北部分地區(qū)水稻生產(chǎn)帶來影響，主要表現(xiàn)在三個方面：一是洪澇淹水易倒伏。受大風(fēng)和強(qiáng)降水影響，浙江、上海、江蘇、安徽和遼寧部分地區(qū)水稻受淹，造成水稻倒伏和葉片機(jī)械損傷，不利于水稻灌漿。二是病蟲為害易重發(fā)。臺風(fēng)過后，水稻植株易受傷，利于條斑病、白葉枯病等細(xì)菌性病害發(fā)生，以及稻曲病和稻瘟病等真菌病害的加重流行蔓延，同時稻飛虱和稻縱卷葉螟等遷飛害蟲也可能加重發(fā)生。三是低溫寡照易遲熟。今年東北地區(qū)水稻生育進(jìn)程較常年偏晚，臺風(fēng)帶來的連續(xù)陰雨和低溫寡照，將進(jìn)一步加重貪青晚熟，“早霜”為害的風(fēng)險增大。
 
　　當(dāng)前，長江下游地區(qū)一季中稻多處于拔節(jié)孕穗期，部分雜交稻進(jìn)入破口抽穗期；東北地區(qū)一季稻陸續(xù)進(jìn)入抽穗灌漿期，是水稻產(chǎn)量形成的關(guān)鍵時期。針對臺風(fēng)對水稻生產(chǎn)帶來的不利影響和潛在風(fēng)險，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部水稻專家指導(dǎo)組會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心提出“兩促一降”的災(zāi)后恢復(fù)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。
 
　　一是排澇降漬促恢復(fù)。受淹稻田應(yīng)盡快排除田間積水，防止長時間積水導(dǎo)致莖葉腐化和爛根，減輕漬澇對水稻生長的影響。倒伏稻田應(yīng)及時扶苗洗苗，恢復(fù)葉片正常光合機(jī)能，促進(jìn)植株恢復(fù)生長。災(zāi)后如遇高溫晴熱天氣，切忌一次性排盡田水，要保留田間3厘米左右水層，防止高強(qiáng)度葉面蒸發(fā)導(dǎo)致植株生理失水。部分雙季晚稻絕收田塊，應(yīng)直接改種應(yīng)季作物。
 
　　二是科學(xué)追肥促生長。退水后3—5天追肥，長江下游地區(qū)災(zāi)后生長偏弱的稻田，適量追施*氮肥，或采用磷酸二氫鉀加少量尿素均勻噴施，提高植株抗病力，加快植株恢復(fù)生長。東北地區(qū)部分貪青晚熟地塊，適時葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀，提高水稻光合效率和灌漿速度，加快生育進(jìn)程，促進(jìn)安全成熟，降低“早霜”風(fēng)險。
 
　　三是嚴(yán)控病蟲降危害。加強(qiáng)水稻病蟲的監(jiān)測預(yù)警和適時防治。長江下游地區(qū)的水稻細(xì)菌性病害以預(yù)防為主，重點(diǎn)是已發(fā)病田塊和新出現(xiàn)的發(fā)病中心，臺風(fēng)過后及時用藥全面預(yù)防1—2次，防止病害流行危害。一季稻穗期病害防治應(yīng)重點(diǎn)把握破口前7—10天的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)，預(yù)防稻曲病和稻瘟病，同時做好“兩遷”害蟲監(jiān)測和藥劑防治。東北地區(qū)重點(diǎn)是預(yù)防稻瘟病，抓住抽穗末期前進(jìn)行噴藥預(yù)防。
 
　　(農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部水稻專家指導(dǎo)組 全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心)

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