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處暑|禾乃登，農(nóng)機(jī)局備戰(zhàn)秋收

2018-08-23 16:08:37 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：32996 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：《月令七十二候集解》:“七月中，處，止也，暑氣至此而止矣。“8月23日是處暑，作為秋季的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣，意味著從今天開始，氣溫將會(huì)有明顯的下降。同時(shí)，我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)雨季將結(jié)束，降水也將逐漸減少。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】《月令七十二候集解》:"七月中，處，止也，暑氣至此而止矣。"8月23日是處暑，作為秋季的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣，意味著從今天開始，氣溫將會(huì)有明顯的下降。同時(shí)，我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)雨季將結(jié)束，降水也將逐漸減少。
 
8月23日杭州七天氣溫走勢(shì)圖
 
　　此外，對(duì)于農(nóng)事而言，處暑也是一個(gè)頗為重要的節(jié)氣。我國(guó)古代將處暑分為三候：“一候鷹乃祭鳥；二候天地始肅；三候禾乃登。”此節(jié)氣中老鷹開始大量捕獵鳥類；天地間萬(wàn)物開始凋零；“禾乃登”的“禾”指的是黍、稷、稻、粱類農(nóng)作物的總稱，“登”即成熟的意思。也就是說(shuō)，處暑過(guò)后，糧食開始趨于成熟，農(nóng)民們即將喜獲豐收。
 
　　這個(gè)時(shí)期，夜寒晝暖，多種春作物將進(jìn)入成熟階段，作物白天進(jìn)行光合作用吸收養(yǎng)分，到晚上貯存起來(lái)，有利于作物的成熟；對(duì)水稻生產(chǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，早稻即將收獲，晚稻正處于田間管理和施肥的重要時(shí)期；豆類、花生、其它大秋經(jīng)濟(jì)作物已經(jīng)成熟待收，大白菜、蘿卜等冬季蔬菜開始播種，逐漸顯現(xiàn)處秋收秋種的繁忙景象。各地農(nóng)機(jī)局開始細(xì)化方案，爭(zhēng)取為之后的大規(guī)模機(jī)械收獲奠定基礎(chǔ)。湖北省農(nóng)機(jī)局做好農(nóng)機(jī)具調(diào)度和信息服務(wù)，力爭(zhēng)投入各類農(nóng)機(jī)具80萬(wàn)臺(tái)(套)以上，確保秋季農(nóng)機(jī)化生產(chǎn)順利進(jìn)行。
 
　　同時(shí)，推廣節(jié)水灌溉、施肥施藥、秸稈還田離田等生態(tài)農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)，為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“添綠”；此外，秋冬播生產(chǎn)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持“北麥南油城郊菜”布局，因地制宜開展“糧改飼”“油改飼”，發(fā)展小麥、油菜全株青貯，充分挖掘秋冬作物飼料化潛力，拓展馬鈴薯主食化功能，鼓勵(lì)冷浸濱湖地區(qū)利用冬閑季節(jié)改造稻田，發(fā)展稻田綜合種養(yǎng)。
 
　　但是，收獲的同時(shí)還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意加強(qiáng)對(duì)災(zāi)害性天氣的防范，處暑容易出現(xiàn)“秋風(fēng)”、“伏旱”、“午后降水”、“秋綿雨”、“暴雨”等災(zāi)害性天氣，影響農(nóng)作物的成長(zhǎng)與收獲。如：“秋風(fēng)”會(huì)影響正在抽穗揚(yáng)花的水稻，氣溫偏低會(huì)使水稻不能正常抽穗揚(yáng)花；“午后降水”會(huì)使水稻出現(xiàn)空殼癟粒；“秋綿雨”會(huì)使已經(jīng)成熟的大秋作物不能及時(shí)收割、晾曬，秋收秋種難以正常進(jìn)行；“暴雨”則會(huì)造成洪澇災(zāi)害，同時(shí)也容易引發(fā)山體滑坡等次生災(zāi)害。
 
　　因此，還需要更加注意抗旱工作的落實(shí)，隨著雨季的結(jié)束，降水開始減少，尤其是在華北、東北和西北地區(qū)更是要抓緊做好蓄水、保墑工作，以防秋種期間出現(xiàn)干旱而延誤冬作物的播種期；“處暑谷漸黃，大風(fēng)要提防”，玉米、高粱、谷子等農(nóng)作物即將進(jìn)入成熟期，抗倒伏能力降低，一旦發(fā)生倒伏，會(huì)大大增強(qiáng)收割難度，所以，一定要提前做好防風(fēng)的準(zhǔn)備工作；同時(shí)，在臺(tái)風(fēng)暴雨過(guò)后，還需要加強(qiáng)管理，做好病蟲害的防治工作，以免一年的辛苦就此功虧一簣。
 
　　處暑之后十五日便是白露，“早秋作物普遍收，割運(yùn)打軋莫懈怠。”白露是收獲的季節(jié)，富饒遼闊的東北平原開始收獲谷子、大豆和高粱，華北地區(qū)秋收作物成熟，大江南北的棉花正在吐絮，進(jìn)入全面分批采收的季節(jié)。因此，在這之前一定要做好各項(xiàng)工作，確保秋收能夠正常進(jìn)行。
 
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