今日要聞

穩(wěn)中向前：我國棉花生產(chǎn)綜合機械化進一步發(fā)展

2018-08-22 17:38:42 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：53552 評論

導讀：棉花是重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，我國作為世界上大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費國，種植面積和生產(chǎn)總量均位居世界。但長期以來，我國棉花生產(chǎn)機械化水平一直處于較低水平。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 棉花是重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，我國作為世界上大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費國，種植面積和生產(chǎn)總量均位居世界。但長期以來，我國棉花生產(chǎn)機械化水平一直處于較低水平。
 
　　回憶較早的80年代，那銀山一樣的棉花，掛著驢糞兜的車隊，成為改革開放農(nóng)民發(fā)家的標志。棉花雖然*，但種植起來非常麻煩，從早春下種，到放苗、除草、打叉、掐芯、收花，更別提一遍遍的打農(nóng)藥，以及后的采摘，極其費工費力。
 
　　后來隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，雖然棉花機械化水平有所提高，但田間管理除了耕地、整地和噴藥治蟲可以用機械或半機械操作外，其它均需手工操作，生產(chǎn)手段仍然落后，特別是棉花采收時間長，用工多，生產(chǎn)成本高，應有的生產(chǎn)潛力未得到充分發(fā)揮。
 
　　我國棉花種植區(qū)域主要在新疆、黃河流域和長江流域。其中黃河流域產(chǎn)區(qū)主要包括河北、安徽、河南、山東等4個省，河北、山東兩個代表省份棉花種植面積一度超過2500萬畝，近年來，由于機械化生產(chǎn)水平提高緩慢，但生產(chǎn)資料和勞動力等生產(chǎn)成本卻持續(xù)上升，效益空間不斷被壓縮，種植面積持續(xù)下滑，2016年兩省棉花種植面積下降到1130萬畝。因此，重點解決棉花機械化生產(chǎn)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，大力推廣棉花全程機械化生產(chǎn)刻不容緩。
 
　　現(xiàn)階段制約棉花生產(chǎn)全程機械化的主要問題有兩個，一是適合我國國情的農(nóng)業(yè)機械、農(nóng)藝研發(fā)滯后，研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)進程緩慢，二是長期以來我國農(nóng)技與農(nóng)機存在嚴重的脫節(jié)問題。目前我國大部分產(chǎn)區(qū)棉花種植模式和管理技術(shù)措施遠遠不能滿足以機械采收為主的全程機械化生產(chǎn)的要求。
 
　　對此，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部帶頭，各級農(nóng)業(yè)機械化主管部門高度重視，積極采取措施推動機采棉發(fā)展。近年來，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部采取加強關(guān)鍵裝備研發(fā)支持、加大購機補貼力度、強化全程機械化技術(shù)集成示范等措施，積極推動我國棉花生產(chǎn)機械化。
 
　　早在2012年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就對北方棉區(qū)棉花全程機械化給予國家公益性(農(nóng)業(yè))行業(yè)科技項目支持。國家重點研發(fā)計劃將新疆棉區(qū)需要的6行大型采棉機列入專項研發(fā)內(nèi)容；山東省2015年將棉花機械化列入農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃項目，先后對多個項目進行立項補助。經(jīng)過多年努力，目前進口采棉機壟斷市場的局面已有所改變。
 
　　同時，中央財政加大棉花采摘機支持力度，2012—2017年累計投入資金3億元補貼購置采棉機，將大型采棉機單臺補貼額由20萬元提高到60萬元，同時鼓勵各地開展棉花機械新產(chǎn)品補貼試點，支持引導新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)和推廣應用。
 
　　另外，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部成立了院士*的、農(nóng)機推廣人員為主體的棉花生產(chǎn)全程機械化專家組，著眼農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全過程研究推進棉花機械化工作。指導各地以機械化生產(chǎn)為目標，將棉花品種、栽培技術(shù)與機械化技術(shù)有機融合，產(chǎn)后加工工藝設(shè)備銜接配套，并形成標準、規(guī)范和操作規(guī)程。
 
　　據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部統(tǒng)計，2017年我國棉花耕種收綜合機械化率已達到73%，機采率達28%。作為我國的主要棉區(qū)，新疆棉區(qū)棉花機采水平更加。2017年新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團棉花機采率達80%，比上年增長11個百分點；新疆棉花機采率達25%以上，比上年增長4個百分點。不僅提升了機械化水平，也提高了棉花單產(chǎn)、品質(zhì)和種植效益，同時帶動了新疆地方棉花生產(chǎn)發(fā)展，為穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展新疆棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)做出了重要貢獻。黃河流域、長江流域棉區(qū)機采也開始起步并穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。

上一篇： 江西省秸稈綜合利用成績喜人，還田率超過80%

下一篇：加快農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化步伐，新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民是主力軍

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關(guān)。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"2749677","Picture":"5eceadd4559dcfd26c2dedc6f1572bbbe5d5b047936d30721bf19bfc241fbae62daa7c9ad5bb6b4a.jpg","PictureDomain":"img70","Name":"銷售絲杠防塵罩","Type":"3米","Descrip":"絲杠防護罩材質(zhì)說明：防水布、耐高溫、阻燃布、塑膠布、尼龍復合布、、三防布、專用布等，客戶訂貨時需要對使用環(huán)境來選擇材質(zhì)，（1） 防漏可任意彎曲伸縮管的直徑和長度不受限制均可按客戶要求制（2） 連接方式:一兩端頸口卡箍連接二兩端法蘭用螺絲連接三一端頸口卡箍連接一端法蘭螺絲連接。","CompanyName":"德州鑫姆迪克機床附件有限公司","CompanyID":"129078","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"160","City":"德州市","Address":"德州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"117","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51472864","StandUrl":"/st129078","UpdateTime":"2024/10/24 6:24:45","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"0","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102749677","UserID":"142067","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1680183","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"王月霞","TelPhone":"0534-3869686","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"機床防護罩 機床排屑機 機床拖鏈","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28750","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2023/5/24 17:59:20","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13675346332,15206925825"},{"ID":"2732024","Picture":"15503715273aa74decd17f68c470aa145928f12f1d1e29cccd24ad237239b9c8fb27c44a0f0838c4.jpg","PictureDomain":"img76","Name":"進口液壓油過濾機公司","Type":"","Descrip":"ZJD-6Z真空濾油機 360L液壓油小型過濾設(shè)備設(shè)計用于清除液壓油、機械油、冷凍油裝置中已用過的油中的污染物和水分。能快速脫除油液中的水分、氣體、雜質(zhì)和揮發(fā)物（汽油、柴油、煤油等）。提高油液品質(zhì)，恢復潤滑油粘度、閃點及使用性能。","CompanyName":"重慶通瑞過濾設(shè)備制造有限公司","CompanyID":"129375","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"4","City":"重慶市","Address":"重慶市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"106","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51472859","StandUrl":"/st129375","UpdateTime":"2024/10/24 6:19:13","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102732024","UserID":"142364","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1692104","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"鄒伶","TelPhone":"86-023-68935026","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"濾油機，真空濾油機，液壓油濾油機，變壓器油濾油機，潤滑油濾油機，LZH-2液位控制器，YL過濾加油機，除水濾油機，板框壓濾機，脫色濾油機，透平油濾油機","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"24994","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2016/6/3 5:20:11","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13883119120"},{"ID":"3168351","Picture":"mt0002/48081211c6b97a369bb66ebfde4ef206fd7658fde1c185e4860e64e669f1eabab5d58e183e1ea23b.jpg","PictureDomain":"img59","Name":"森林負氧離子監(jiān)測站廠家","Type":"JD-FZ4","Descrip":"負氧離子監(jiān)測站是一種用于監(jiān)測環(huán)境中負氧離子濃度的設(shè)備。我們可以實時了解環(huán)境中負氧離子濃度的變化情況，并根據(jù)監(jiān)測結(jié)果采取相應的措施來改善室外空氣質(zhì)量。","CompanyName":"山東競道光電科技有限公司","CompanyID":"130925","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"153","City":"濰坊市","Address":"濰坊市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"5","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51472858","StandUrl":"/st130925","UpdateTime":"2024/10/24 6:18:19","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103168351","UserID":"143915","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1766252","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"邢琪琪","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣象站、氣象儀、超聲波氣象站、農(nóng)業(yè)氣象站、非洲豬瘟檢測儀、土壤水分測定儀、","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"8311","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/10/24 6:18:19","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15666887075"},{"ID":"2725259","Picture":"00450ea57bc9bc7d6b6c995d4852509318aecd94f41a92c909ede62c68209de6b8bff0301c11cca9.jpg","PictureDomain":"img69","Name":"YIOU億歐熱球式風速風量儀","Type":"DPF-M","Descrip":"熱球式風速風量儀氣調(diào)節(jié)、環(huán)境保護、節(jié)能監(jiān)測、氣象、農(nóng)業(yè)、冷藏、干燥、勞動衛(wèi)生調(diào)查等各方面有廣泛用途。","CompanyName":"上海億歐儀表設(shè)備有限公司","CompanyID":"129207","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"394","City":"上海","Address":"上海","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"102","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51472858","StandUrl":"/st129207","UpdateTime":"2024/10/24 6:18:41","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102725259","UserID":"142196","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1680573","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"羅云燕","TelPhone":"021-65861439","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"U形傾斜式壓差計，L型皮托管，S型靠背管，補償式微壓計，智能風速風壓風量儀，數(shù)字微壓計，負離子檢測儀，大氣壓力表等等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"26772","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2017/4/10 5:56:40","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13381831212"},{"ID":"3122614","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321bf95b061458a711ac8b1e373f64dacb2e99357ac29e9798e265858c01826a41.jpg","PictureDomain":"img57","Name":"銷售高效粗碎機價格","Type":"CSJ-系列","Descrip":"粗碎機適用于：制藥、化工、冶金、食品、建筑等行業(yè)。對堅硬、中藥材、難粉碎的物料進行加工，包括對塑料，鋼絲等進行粉碎，復合巖片粉碎機也能作為微粉碎加工前道工序的配套設(shè)備，噪音低，皮帶輪設(shè)有保護罩，安全可靠，設(shè)有清洗保險掣， 馬達裝上過荷保護裝置與電源連鎖保護系統(tǒng)。","CompanyName":"江陰市祥達機械制造有限公司","CompanyID":"140282","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"87","City":"無錫市","Address":"無錫市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"119","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51472857","StandUrl":"/st140282","UpdateTime":"2024/10/24 6:17:09","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103122614","UserID":"153272","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1934989","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"施海艷","TelPhone":"86-0510-86383852","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"粉碎機,混合機,輸送機,干燥機,篩粉機","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"3759","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/8/22 22:29:47","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13921238921"},{"ID":"2897724","Picture":"mt0001/0497b4e3566c1420061bc88eb974db0a8a99152ae6401514c39e171ba93a52a2c8e209d1c0924a09.jpg","PictureDomain":"img66","Name":"全自動靜載荷測試儀報價","Type":"RSM-JC5(F)","Descrip":"RSM-JC5(F)靜載荷測試儀是一款智能靜載荷測試設(shè)備，自動化程度高，對檢測環(huán)境適應性強、穩(wěn)定性高。主機可無線遙控數(shù)據(jù)盒，軟件界面友好，采用引導式操作設(shè)計，軟件嵌入國內(nèi)外多種試驗方法和規(guī)范，操作簡單，安全可靠。","CompanyName":"河北精威試驗儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"134175","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"5","City":"石家莊市","Address":"石家莊市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"114","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51472857","StandUrl":"/st134175","UpdateTime":"2024/10/24 6:17:21","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102897724","UserID":"147165","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1809228","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"銷售經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"500T反力框架,千斤頂校驗儀,反力架,混凝土試驗儀器,瀝青試驗儀器,公路試驗儀器,土工試驗儀器,水泥試驗儀器,恒溫恒濕試驗箱，電子萬能材料試驗機","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"11529","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/1/23 4:50:45","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13363827696"}]