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聚焦：2018年十項(xiàng)重大性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)公布，農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域占三成

2018-07-23 15:21:35 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：45561 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：日前，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在甘肅省山丹縣舉辦重大性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀摩交流活動(dòng)，公布2018年十項(xiàng)重大性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】日前，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在甘肅省山丹縣舉辦重大性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀摩交流活動(dòng)，公布2018年十項(xiàng)重大性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。
 
　　十項(xiàng)技術(shù)分別為小麥節(jié)水保優(yōu)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、蔬菜全程綠色生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、玉米籽粒低破碎機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)、水稻機(jī)插秧同步側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)、油菜毯狀苗機(jī)械化移栽技術(shù)、奶牛飼養(yǎng)提質(zhì)增效集成技術(shù)、全生物降解地膜替代技術(shù)、受控式集裝箱循環(huán)水綠色生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)、南方水網(wǎng)區(qū)農(nóng)田氮磷流失治理集成技術(shù)、異位發(fā)酵床處理豬場(chǎng)糞污技術(shù)。
 
　　其中，玉米籽粒低破碎機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)、水稻機(jī)插秧同步側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)、油菜毯狀苗機(jī)械化移栽技術(shù)三項(xiàng)技術(shù)均屬于農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的技術(shù)，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化推廣起到了不可忽視的作用。
 

        玉米籽粒低破碎機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)
 
　　玉米籽粒低破碎機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)主要集成單位為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)推廣總站、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)院、中國(guó)農(nóng)科院作物科學(xué)研究所。該技術(shù)是通過(guò)適宜籽粒機(jī)收的品種、栽培技術(shù)、收獲機(jī)以及烘干設(shè)施等方面的集成配套，來(lái)適當(dāng)調(diào)整收獲機(jī)械割臺(tái)、脫粒、清選系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和作業(yè)參數(shù)。
 
　　玉米從收獲到銷(xiāo)售一般需要經(jīng)過(guò)2～3個(gè)作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)，還需要大量晾曬場(chǎng)地。因此，即使玉米得到及時(shí)收獲，農(nóng)民也需要耗費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和精力。而一旦遇到連陰雨天易發(fā)生霉變，玉米破碎率也會(huì)變高，減少農(nóng)民收入。
 
　　玉米籽粒低破碎機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)能夠有效解決摘穗收獲后在拉運(yùn)、晾曬、脫粒過(guò)程中的損失及霉變等問(wèn)題，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米、低損、籽粒低破碎收獲，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高收獲質(zhì)量和玉米品質(zhì)。
 
　　水稻機(jī)插秧同步側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)
 
　　水稻機(jī)插秧同步測(cè)深施肥技術(shù)主要集成單位為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)推廣總站、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心。這是一種、可靠的水稻基肥施播技術(shù)。一般通過(guò)在6行高速乘坐式插秧機(jī)上加裝測(cè)深施肥裝置，在水稻機(jī)械插秧的同時(shí)，在苗側(cè)靠近根部進(jìn)行定量施肥(肥料施于苗側(cè)5cm、深度4cm的溝中)，并由浮船刮板覆蓋肥料于泥漿中。
 
　　水稻機(jī)插秧同步側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)是近年來(lái)我們各級(jí)農(nóng)機(jī)部門(mén)開(kāi)始探索和驗(yàn)證的一種、可靠的水稻基蘗肥同施定量定位技術(shù)，為解決施肥過(guò)量與肥料利用率低這個(gè)困擾水稻生產(chǎn)的突出問(wèn)題提供了機(jī)械化解決方案。該技術(shù)促進(jìn)秧苗根系對(duì)肥力的吸收，避免肥料隨水流漂移，具有顯著的提高肥料利用率、促進(jìn)水稻生長(zhǎng)、降低成本等優(yōu)勢(shì)，是農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展方向。
 
　　油菜毯狀苗機(jī)械化移栽技術(shù)
 
　　油菜毯狀苗機(jī)械化移栽技術(shù)主要集成單位為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)推廣總站、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所、揚(yáng)州大學(xué)。該技術(shù)是將油菜苗培育成機(jī)插水稻秧苗一樣的盤(pán)根成毯的毯狀苗，采用移栽機(jī)切塊對(duì)縫插栽。
 
　　油菜毯狀苗機(jī)械化移栽技術(shù)的推廣使用改變了傳統(tǒng)的育苗和移栽方式，是農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝相互結(jié)合的一種新的油菜移栽方法。該技術(shù)可一次完成開(kāi)窄溝、取苗、栽插、浮土、鎮(zhèn)壓和澆水等作業(yè)，具有作業(yè)效率高、土壤適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、節(jié)本增效顯著、技術(shù)通用性好等突出優(yōu)勢(shì)，并可彌補(bǔ)多熟制區(qū)茬口矛盾導(dǎo)致的油菜生育期不足問(wèn)題，同時(shí)能有效預(yù)防根腫病發(fā)生，在長(zhǎng)江中下游以及其它不具備直播條件的地區(qū)具有廣泛的推廣應(yīng)用前景。
 
　　此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)、河南農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械管理局、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)化機(jī)械信息網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

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