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鄉(xiāng)村振興與農(nóng)村人口外流之間的一場博弈

2018-03-27 17:24:07 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：小虎牙 閱讀量：44808 評論

導(dǎo)讀：“三農(nóng)”問題一直是關(guān)系民生的根本性問題，如何解決也是多年來探索的重點(diǎn)，2018年2月4號，中央一號文件提出實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，主要就是為了解決“三農(nóng)”問題。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 “三農(nóng)”問題一直是關(guān)系民生的根本性問題，如何解決也是多年來探索的重點(diǎn)，2018年2月4號，中央一號文件提出實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，主要就是為了解決“三農(nóng)”問題。
 
　　目前城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展日益加快，導(dǎo)致大部分農(nóng)民相繼進(jìn)城務(wù)工，留下老人、婦女和兒童，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村“空心化”現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，勞動力銳減，全國政協(xié)委員、農(nóng)業(yè)部原副部長陳曉華表示“如果一個村沒有了人氣、沒有了人才，這個村的發(fā)展肯定搞不好。”所以實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)鍵還是在“人”，為了使鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略落地，要大力培育新主體和新農(nóng)民，要通過各種政策，把外出的能人引回來，把城里的人才引下來。
 
鄉(xiāng)村振興與農(nóng)村人口外流之間的一場博弈
 
　　農(nóng)村“空心化”有利有弊
 
　　農(nóng)村“空心化”的問題對于實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略有很大的阻礙，但是這個問題我們還得辯證的看待。一方面農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移是城鎮(zhèn)化的一種必然結(jié)果，對于分流農(nóng)村人口，加速城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化都有巨大作用；另一方面造成農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移，對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成消極影響，對農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成巨大隱患。
 
　　因此，對于這個問題我們既不可以一味地批判，也不可以一味地推崇，解決這個問題應(yīng)該以解決人口空心化為核心，以解決農(nóng)村科技空心化以及新型農(nóng)民空心化為突破扣，逐步全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略。
 
　　培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民  吸引“人氣”
 
　　目前我國正處于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時期，大量先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)、率農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施裝備、現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)營管理理念越來越多被引入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個領(lǐng)域，迫切需要高素質(zhì)的職業(yè)化農(nóng)民。
 
　　以往的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民是被時代烙印上的身份，不是農(nóng)民主動選擇的，而且人們對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民普遍的印象是一種生活在農(nóng)村、收入低、素質(zhì)差的群體，是貧窮的“身份”和“稱呼”，而不是可致富、有尊嚴(yán)、有保障的職業(yè)。要轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)藗儗r(nóng)民的認(rèn)知，就得使農(nóng)民成為一種有身份、有知識、有保障的職業(yè)。新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民將以從事農(nóng)業(yè)作為固定乃至終身職業(yè)，是真正的農(nóng)業(yè)繼承人，通過他們來帶領(lǐng)群眾發(fā)展生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)村莊，對解決農(nóng)村“空心化”問題有積極作用。
 
　　另一方面，還可依靠政策的調(diào)整將外出務(wù)工的能干型人才吸引回鄉(xiāng)村，也可以將城市里的實(shí)干型人才引下來，為鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展積蓄力量，把鄉(xiāng)村振興的各項舉措落到實(shí)處。
 
　　鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施在很大程度上還需要勞動力來實(shí)現(xiàn)，而農(nóng)村大部分人口外流給鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施造成了很大影響，要解決這個問題還得從源頭上找方法，將農(nóng)民變成有身份、有地位、有保障的新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民，通過人才吸引政策將能干的人才吸引回鄉(xiāng)村，為鄉(xiāng)村振興出力，才是解決“空心化”問題的實(shí)用型手段。
 

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