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秸稈綜合利用新技術(shù)頻出 助力農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展五大行動

2018-01-26 09:12:29 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：31088 評論

導(dǎo)讀：東北地區(qū)是我國產(chǎn)玉米的大區(qū)，每年有大量的玉米秸稈產(chǎn)生，這些看似沒有大用處的秸稈經(jīng)常被農(nóng)民一把火付之一炬，，既節(jié)約時間又省力，但是對環(huán)境的危害卻是極大的，我國已命令禁止焚燒秸稈。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】東北地區(qū)是我國產(chǎn)玉米的大區(qū)，每年有大量的玉米秸稈產(chǎn)生，這些看似沒有大用處的秸稈經(jīng)常被農(nóng)民一把火付之一炬，，既節(jié)約時間又省力，但是對環(huán)境的危害卻是極大的，我國已命令禁止焚燒秸稈。
 
　　既然不讓燒，那么秸稈該如何處理呢？
 
　　2017年4月26日，農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)布關(guān)于實施農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展五大行動的通知，東北地區(qū)秸稈處理赫然在列。按照行動部署，確保到2020年，東北地區(qū)秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)到80%以上，新增秸稈利用能力2700多萬噸，露天焚燒顯著減少。自秸稈處理行動實施以后，各地區(qū)為了秸稈綜合利用做了很多努力，各種秸稈綜合利用新技術(shù)頻出。
 
　　秸稈原料化技術(shù)：不久前，合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)以秸稈類生物質(zhì)廢棄物為原料，成功制備出多維數(shù)、多尺度、多形態(tài)的三維功能催化材料，可去除水體中有機及重金屬有毒污染物，解決了秸稈類生物質(zhì)廢棄物難以利用的難題。這一合成方法具有工藝簡單、產(chǎn)率高、結(jié)構(gòu)可控及易于規(guī)模生產(chǎn)等技術(shù)優(yōu)點，具有廣闊的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用前景。相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域重要期刊《應(yīng)用催化—環(huán)境》。
 
　　秸稈堆肥技術(shù)：將稻秸稈分層堆疊、澆水、灑發(fā)酵菌種，覆蓋薄膜封閉，保溫保濕，通過樣本檢測，麥秸稈、蘆筍秸稈堆肥后有機質(zhì)含量、總養(yǎng)分含量較高，PH值適度，可作有機肥利用。秸稈堆肥可以跟農(nóng)村廢棄物處置結(jié)合起來，進(jìn)一步做好農(nóng)村垃圾分類，將生活可腐垃圾與秸稈一起堆肥，達(dá)到農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄資源化、減量化、無害化處置目的。
 
　　sunliquid生物燃料技術(shù)：代生物燃料中，燃料乙醇的生產(chǎn)原料主要是玉米、甘蔗等，生物柴油的生產(chǎn)原料主要是大豆、菜籽油等，因“與人爭糧，與農(nóng)爭地”而飽受詬病。相比之下，以麥稈、草和木材等農(nóng)林廢棄物為主要原料的第二代生物燃料(纖維素乙醇、合成生物燃油等)則有著更廣泛的發(fā)展空間。日前，的特種化學(xué)品公司科萊恩宣布，已批準(zhǔn)投資新建一家全面的工業(yè)化規(guī)模工廠，采用其sunliquid技術(shù)，以農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物為原料進(jìn)行纖維素乙醇生產(chǎn)。據(jù)了解，sunliquid技術(shù)是一種、經(jīng)濟(jì)和可持續(xù)的生物技術(shù)工藝，能夠利用麥秸稈、稻草、玉米秸稈和甘蔗渣等各種農(nóng)業(yè)殘渣廢棄物來生產(chǎn)纖維素乙醇。
 
　　秸稈處理一直以來是一個“老大難”的問題，如何處理秸稈與農(nóng)民之間的矛盾，還需要有農(nóng)民視角，站在農(nóng)民的角度考慮問題，方能化解這個“老大難”的問題。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(balpclean.com)編輯整理。

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