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喜報|科研成果實實在在 為農(nóng)業(yè)謀福利

2018-01-24 13:33:19 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：36188 評論

導讀：看似這些獲獎項目只與研發(fā)人員有關，但這些科研項目是實實在在的為農(nóng)民謀取福利。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】“2017年度國家科學技術進步獎”獲獎項目已頒發(fā)完畢，其中花生機械化播種與收獲關鍵技術及裝備、大型灌溉排水泵站更新改造關鍵技術及應用、高光效低能耗LED智能植物工廠關鍵技術及系統(tǒng)集成、番茄加工產(chǎn)業(yè)化關鍵技術創(chuàng)新與應用、大型智能化飼料加工裝備的創(chuàng)制及產(chǎn)業(yè)化等農(nóng)牧業(yè)機械項目獲得二等獎?？此七@些獲獎項目只與研發(fā)人員有關，但這些科研項目是實實在在的為農(nóng)民謀取福利。

 
　　花生播種與收獲 機械之路更長遠
 
　　“花生機械化播種與收獲關鍵技術及裝備”項目*了花生11項播種和13項花生機械化收獲關鍵技術；研制出適應不同種植要求的11種大中小型花生聯(lián)合播種機，創(chuàng)制出適應不同收獲要求、不同土壤特點的10種花生分段收獲機和8種花生聯(lián)合收獲機，提出了我國花生機械化生產(chǎn)的解決方案及其配套機具方法，破解我國花生播種與收獲機械化技術瓶頸。
 
　　據(jù)悉，項目研發(fā)的29 種裝備均已通過國家或省級鑒定部門檢測，9 種列入國家支持推廣的農(nóng)業(yè)機械產(chǎn)品目錄，11 種列入省級目錄；成為全國推廣應用的主導機型。近3 年累計銷售機器101805 臺，累計作業(yè)面積9066.93 萬畝，機器新增銷售額6.02 億元、新增利潤10835.93 萬元、新增稅收10233.93 萬元，作業(yè)應用節(jié)支總額138.84 億元，累計培養(yǎng)農(nóng)技人員1.5 萬余人。
 
　　農(nóng)田的水利心臟得到守護
 
　　在美國、荷蘭、中國等世界多數(shù)國家，灌溉排水泵站均是農(nóng)業(yè)領域為耗能的設施裝備。大型灌溉排水泵站必須要提高運行穩(wěn)定性和節(jié)能降耗，這也是“大型灌溉排水泵站更新改造關鍵技術及應用”項目研究的主要目標之一。
 
　　如今，成果已在129處(座)大型灌溉排水泵站得到應用，占列入水利部“全國大型灌溉排水泵站更新改造規(guī)劃(2010—2015)”并已完成更新改造的大型泵站總量的67%，覆蓋黃河流域80%以上的大型灌溉泵站。根據(jù)應用證明統(tǒng)計，近三年內(nèi)為國家節(jié)電5.03億千瓦·時，增產(chǎn)糧食11.87億公斤，取得了顯著的社會和經(jīng)濟效益。
 
　　降耗節(jié)能 LED植物工廠更智能
 
　　近年來，LED在植物生長領域應用的巨大潛力市場逐步得到重視，國內(nèi)的植物工廠越來越受關注。針對植物工廠規(guī)模化應用亟待解決的光效低、能耗大、多因子協(xié)同管控難等關鍵技術及系統(tǒng)集成瓶頸，經(jīng)過12年的潛心研究，“高光效低能耗LED智能植物工廠關鍵技術及系統(tǒng)集成”項目在植物工廠光源適配理論與方法、光效與能效提升、營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)調(diào)控以及多因子協(xié)同管控技術等方面取得了多項原創(chuàng)性成果。
 
　　項目研發(fā)出基于植株發(fā)育特征的移動式LED光源及其光環(huán)境調(diào)控技術，顯著降低光源能耗。與熒光燈相比，節(jié)能率達62%以上；發(fā)明了基于室外冷源與空調(diào)協(xié)同調(diào)溫的植物工廠節(jié)能環(huán)境調(diào)控技術裝備，顯著降低空調(diào)能耗。與傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)降溫相比，節(jié)能率達24.6-63.0%。研發(fā)成果顯著，受到國外專家高度評價。
 
　　集約 助飼料工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級
 
　　飼料工業(yè)是影響國計民生的重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。隨著我國飼料工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，對飼料加工裝備的要求也越來越高。針對我國飼料加工裝備產(chǎn)能小、能耗高，自動化水平低、安全衛(wèi)生差等問題，“大型智能化飼料加工裝備的創(chuàng)制及產(chǎn)業(yè)化”項目經(jīng)過數(shù)年技術攻關，終實現(xiàn)了我國大型智能化飼料加工成套裝備的自主創(chuàng)新。
 
　　該項目實現(xiàn)飼料生產(chǎn)全流程的智能化控制，使傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)量每小時30噸、需要30 名工人操控的生產(chǎn)線產(chǎn)量提高到了每小時100噸，且生產(chǎn)工人只需16 人，徹底改變了飼料生產(chǎn)嚴重依賴人工的現(xiàn)狀，加速飼料生產(chǎn)企業(yè)向現(xiàn)代化智能工廠邁進的步伐；研發(fā)了年產(chǎn)60 萬噸的飼料加工成套系統(tǒng)，飼料生產(chǎn)噸料電耗由每噸33度降至每噸24 度，極大降低了飼料生產(chǎn)成本，大幅度提升了行業(yè)的規(guī)?；?、集約化水平及成套工程建設的進度和質(zhì)量。
 
　　小結
 
　　國家科學技術獎勵是我國科技界的高榮譽，展示的是一批具有標志性的重大科技成果。從“2017年度國家科學技術進步獎”的獲獎項目中彰顯這幾個特點：基于綠色、、集約為主的國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略；以助推人民生活和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級為導向；基礎研究成果破解我國技術瓶頸；項目技術研發(fā)創(chuàng)新團隊地位更加凸顯。隨著科技獎勵制度的逐步深化，越來越多的研發(fā)項目能夠?qū)崒嵲谠诘淖哌M我們的生活當中，謀取福利。
 
　　中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。
 
　　資料來源：中青在線、中國科學報、中國之光網(wǎng)、環(huán)球網(wǎng)
 

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