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從民用無人機(jī)《指導(dǎo)意見》 看農(nóng)用無人機(jī)發(fā)展規(guī)范

2018-01-03 15:04:53 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：44879 評論

導(dǎo)讀：2017對于農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)來講，在各種統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)表保持樂觀的背后，似乎并不足以讓農(nóng)機(jī)人安心。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】2017對于農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)來講，在各種統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)表保持樂觀的背后，似乎并不足以讓農(nóng)機(jī)人安心。緊跟政策的腳步、緊跟用戶的需求、緊跟組織機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)整... ... 市場變化太快，只有加快前進(jìn)步伐才不會(huì)落后，正如近兩年大火的農(nóng)用植保無人機(jī)發(fā)展速度猶如閃電般迅猛。

 
　　從軍需到民用 農(nóng)用無人機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生
 
　　在農(nóng)用植保無人機(jī)市場還沒有火爆之前，民用無人機(jī)就已經(jīng)作為一高新技術(shù)進(jìn)入市場。如今，民用無人機(jī)的遍地開花與層出不窮并非偶然，其前身是由軍需到民用逐步演變的過程。
 
　　?起初，無人機(jī)早期市場需求由軍用壟斷，慣性組建、控制系統(tǒng)技術(shù)不成熟，成本高。上世紀(jì)80年代初，西北工業(yè)大學(xué)D-4固定翼無人機(jī)為地圖測繪和地質(zhì)勘探作了嘗試。
 
　　?到上世紀(jì)90年代至本世紀(jì)初，在部分企業(yè)對無人機(jī)的不斷探索下，無人機(jī)市場開始向民用“滲透”，出現(xiàn)了低端民用小型無人機(jī)。1998年，南航在珠海航展中展出的“翔鳥”無人直升機(jī)，其用途就包含森林火警探測和漁場巡邏。
 
　　?至今，民用無人機(jī)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)形成遍地開花的情形。雖然盈利模式尚未固定，但是在多方努力探索下，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了無人機(jī)拍攝，無人機(jī)外賣等一系列的探索模式。并且，近幾年在一批無人機(jī)骨干企業(yè)的帶領(lǐng)下進(jìn)軍農(nóng)業(yè)，而后農(nóng)用無人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)植保飛防領(lǐng)域呈現(xiàn)井噴式發(fā)展。
 
　　《指導(dǎo)意見》對農(nóng)用無人機(jī)發(fā)展的意義
 
　　民用無人機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的同時(shí)，“黑飛”、擾航等事件頻發(fā)，嚴(yán)重威脅公共安全和國家安全，引起社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。近日，工業(yè)和信息化部印發(fā)了《關(guān)于促進(jìn)和規(guī)范民用無人機(jī)制造業(yè)發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見》，就民用無人機(jī)發(fā)展的技術(shù)短板、使用安全以及市場體系建設(shè)等主要方面規(guī)范民用無人機(jī)行業(yè)發(fā)展。
 
　　同樣作為迅速發(fā)展的無人機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)，相比于民用無人機(jī)的《指導(dǎo)意見》，農(nóng)用無人機(jī)發(fā)展規(guī)范可從中借鑒幾分。
 
　　《意見》指出，要開展技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，提升民用無人機(jī)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)性能，補(bǔ)足行業(yè)應(yīng)用類無人機(jī)技術(shù)短板，進(jìn)一步提升消費(fèi)類無人機(jī)技術(shù)水平；推進(jìn)人工智能、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)等與無人機(jī)的融合應(yīng)用，拓展無人機(jī)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域；培育優(yōu)勢企業(yè)，促進(jìn)大中小企業(yè)集聚創(chuàng)新，推動(dòng)形成無人機(jī)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。
 
　　?農(nóng)用無人機(jī)同樣作為高科技產(chǎn)品，其技術(shù)性能同樣應(yīng)當(dāng)更加完善。比如，在農(nóng)用無人機(jī)領(lǐng)域很多小企業(yè)是從民用無人機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)行到農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，或者是買來自己組裝并沒有深入考察，因此，針對農(nóng)用無人機(jī)性能的完善應(yīng)該更多的是基于農(nóng)業(yè)需求之上，才能真正讓無人機(jī)服務(wù)于農(nóng)業(yè)，這樣企業(yè)也能夠走得更長遠(yuǎn)。在農(nóng)用無人機(jī)行業(yè)滲入人工智能及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，不但符合現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)的要求，同時(shí)也能讓農(nóng)業(yè)享受到高新技術(shù)帶來的便利，這必將也是農(nóng)用無人機(jī)未來發(fā)展方向。
 
　　關(guān)于一直以來“黑飛”、擾航等突出問題，《意見》提出強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量性能，完善安全管控技術(shù)，建立“國家--省級--企業(yè)”三級管控平臺(tái)，著力解決產(chǎn)業(yè)中存在的突出問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)端的安全管控。
 
　　?同樣的，在農(nóng)用無人機(jī)相關(guān)規(guī)范或指導(dǎo)意見還未出臺(tái)之前，農(nóng)用植保無人機(jī)的使用是否屬于“黑飛”很難確定。為提前應(yīng)對，企業(yè)應(yīng)該借鑒參考民用無人機(jī)指導(dǎo)意見的“三級管控”平臺(tái)，建立企業(yè)自身的規(guī)范使用意見，以確保農(nóng)用植保無人機(jī)的使用安全，也是對用戶的一種責(zé)任。
 
　　關(guān)于《意見》指出的企業(yè)及市場體系建設(shè)方面，大大指出了無人機(jī)企業(yè)對市場的重要意義。企業(yè)是市場活動(dòng)的主體，應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和市場開拓方面的積極性，激發(fā)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新活力和市場開拓能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和保障安全的目標(biāo)，不斷拓展服務(wù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。
 
　　?這不僅是對民用無人機(jī)企業(yè)發(fā)展的利好之處，對于農(nóng)用無人機(jī)的發(fā)展也是一種極大的鼓舞。農(nóng)用無人機(jī)企業(yè)也是市場活動(dòng)的主體，不斷創(chuàng)新，積極開拓農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域市場同樣是一條需要不斷探索的道路。
 
　　中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(www.nongjx。Com)原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
 
　　資料來源：前瞻網(wǎng)，工業(yè)信息化部
 

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