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糞污資源化利用典型技術模式案例

2024-06-18 09:28:45 來源：黑龍江省農業(yè)農村廳 閱讀量：19969 評論

導讀：黑龍江省畜牧總站依托我省畜禽糞污資源化利用專家委員會，聯合黑龍江省農業(yè)科學院畜牧獸醫(yī)分院總結提煉出多種適合我省“效果好、運行佳、可復制、可推廣”的典型經驗模式。請各地結合本地區(qū)實際情況學習借鑒，不斷提升畜禽糞污資源化利用水平。

　　【農機網 科技創(chuàng)新】按照黑龍江省畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用聯席會議辦公室部署，圍繞“源頭減量、過程控制、末端利用”三個重點環(huán)節(jié)，聚焦畜禽糞污減量化、無害化、資源化，黑龍江省畜牧總站依托我省畜禽糞污資源化利用專家委員會，聯合黑龍江省農業(yè)科學院畜牧獸醫(yī)分院總結提煉出多種適合我省“效果好、運行佳、可復制、可推廣”的典型經驗模式。請各地結合本地區(qū)實際情況學習借鑒，不斷提升畜禽糞污資源化利用水平。今日推出糞污肥料化還田利用模式——黑龍江華澤農牧發(fā)展有限公司典型案例。
 
　　糞污肥料化還田利用模式
 
　　——黑龍江華澤農牧發(fā)展有限公司典型案例
 
　　糞污肥料化還田利用是將養(yǎng)殖場產生的糞污經固液分離后，固體部分經發(fā)酵處理或委托第三方處理后，作為有機肥料進行還田；液體部分經氧化塘或厭氧發(fā)酵儲存處理后，將無害化處理的糞水混合物或將糞水與灌溉用水按照一定比例混合，作為液體肥料在農田施肥和灌溉期間，利用拋灑車或管道施于農田，進行水肥一體化施用。肥料施用到土地上，可以提高土壤肥力，改善土壤團粒結構，增強土壤生產能力，有效提升糧食產量和農作物品質，減輕環(huán)境影響。
 
　　一
 
　　企業(yè)基本情況
 
　　黑龍江華澤農牧發(fā)展有限公司成立于2016年9月，2017年承建了賓縣東部區(qū)域的畜禽糞污資源化利用整縣推進項目，在常安鎮(zhèn)建設畜禽糞污集中處理中心一座，村級收集點19處，購置生產設備17臺(套)，建有5條國內先進的臥旋式連續(xù)生物發(fā)酵生產線。項目建成后每年可收集畜禽糞污10萬噸，年可生產糞肥3萬噸，年可深加工商品有機肥1.5萬噸。
 
　　二
 
　　技術模式要點
 
　　該項目利用養(yǎng)殖過程中產生的糞污，經過固液分離，固體部分以微生物好氧發(fā)酵為基本原理，將畜禽糞污(添加秸稈、礦粉等輔料)好氧分解，達到無害化(可進一步處理為有機肥)；液體部分以微生物厭氧發(fā)酵和沉淀為基本原理，將液體中部分有機物厭氧分解后，液體還田，固態(tài)顆粒物經沉淀形成污泥定期排放、回用。該項目以畜禽糞污和作物秸稈為原料，將發(fā)酵菌劑加入物料中，采用自主研發(fā)專利設備將物料充分混合調理，利用糞污中原有的有機物和外加秸稈等有機組分所含的能量，采用管式通風技術及工藝控制，在臥旋式連續(xù)發(fā)酵設備內通過微生物好氧發(fā)酵進行放熱反應，實現物料高溫滅菌及水分蒸發(fā)，最終產物為有機肥和冷凝水。
 
　　圖1-工藝流程圖
 
　　三
 
　　效益分析
 
　　（一）經濟效益
 
　　畜禽糞污處理中心建設完成后，立即投入生產運行。電費：按0.6元計算，每天耗電120元，每天用工費300元(2人)，雜費(車、油等)每天300元，總成本約為720元/天。每日可生產初級有機肥7噸左右，合計噸成本為103元(含設備折舊)。預計糞污處理中心年可實現消納秸稈3萬噸，年處理畜禽糞污10萬噸，生產有機肥料1.5萬噸，按照每噸300元計算，年可實現銷售收入450萬元，可提供就業(yè)崗位10個，單臺設備每年可節(jié)能318.4吉焦，減排CO2約611.6噸。
 
　　（二）社會效益
 
　　該項目對有機固廢物進行高溫好養(yǎng)發(fā)酵，發(fā)酵出的產物生產有機肥，實現有機固廢物無害化處理和資源化利用，改善和保護生態(tài)環(huán)境，同時有助于發(fā)展生態(tài)型農業(yè)、促進當地蔬菜產業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在畜禽糞便及秸稈處理的同時生產生物有機肥料，實現了對規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖場畜禽糞便無害化、資源化、減量化處理，消除了農村農作物秸稈焚燒對霧霾形成的影響，同時拓展了有機肥市場，支持有機蔬菜、水果種植產業(yè)發(fā)展，生產綠色有機食品，降低化肥施用量，有利于生態(tài)環(huán)境保護，有力推進種植、養(yǎng)殖和廢棄物再利用走上生態(tài)和環(huán)境保護的良性循環(huán)軌道，推動節(jié)能減排和循環(huán)經濟的發(fā)展。
 
　　（三）生態(tài)效益
 
　　該項目的實施將改變農村現有畜禽養(yǎng)殖場和作物秸稈處理的現狀，實現了畜禽糞污和秸稈的集中處理，處理技術和管理水平科學先進。不僅提供了一個高效利用畜禽糞污和秸稈的方法，將杜絕原填埋處理產生的糞污、廢水、焚燒等二次污染，改善了人居環(huán)境質量，有利于居民身體健康狀況的改善。

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