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國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于加快構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系的意見(jiàn)
2024-02-19
15:20:38
來(lái)源:國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳 閱讀量:21259
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導(dǎo)讀:為加快構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系,經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院同意,現(xiàn)提出如下意見(jiàn)。
國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于加快構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系的意見(jiàn)
國(guó)辦發(fā)〔2024〕7號(hào)
各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府,國(guó)務(wù)院各部委、各直屬機(jī)構(gòu):
構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系是實(shí)施全面節(jié)約戰(zhàn)略、保障國(guó)家資源安全、積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰碳中和、加快發(fā)展方式綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的重要舉措。為加快構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系,經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院同意,現(xiàn)提出如下意見(jiàn)。
一、總體要求
加快構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系,要以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo),深入貫徹黨的二十大精神,全面貫徹習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想,完整、準(zhǔn)確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念,加快構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局,著力推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,遵循減量化、再利用、資源化的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理念,以提高資源利用效率為目標(biāo),以廢棄物精細(xì)管理、有效回收、高效利用為路徑,覆蓋生產(chǎn)生活各領(lǐng)域,發(fā)展資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè),健全激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制,加快構(gòu)建覆蓋全面、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)高效、規(guī)范有序的廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系,為高質(zhì)量發(fā)展厚植綠色低碳根基,助力全面建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)。
——系統(tǒng)謀劃、協(xié)同推進(jìn)。立足我國(guó)新型工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程,系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)各領(lǐng)域廢棄物循環(huán)利用工作,著力提升廢棄物循環(huán)利用各環(huán)節(jié)能力水平。加強(qiáng)廢棄物循環(huán)利用政策協(xié)同、部門(mén)協(xié)同、區(qū)域協(xié)同、產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同,強(qiáng)化政策機(jī)制配套銜接。
——分類施策、精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力。根據(jù)各類廢棄物來(lái)源、規(guī)模、資源價(jià)值、利用方式、生態(tài)環(huán)境影響等特性,分類明確廢棄物循環(huán)利用主體責(zé)任和技術(shù)路徑,因地制宜布局資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè),提高廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)效率。
——創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)、提質(zhì)增效。發(fā)揮創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)作用,加強(qiáng)廢棄物循環(huán)利用科技創(chuàng)新、模式創(chuàng)新和機(jī)制創(chuàng)新,不斷開(kāi)辟新領(lǐng)域、塑造新動(dòng)能,拓展廢棄物循環(huán)利用方式,豐富廢棄物循環(huán)利用品類,提升廢棄物循環(huán)利用價(jià)值。
——政府引導(dǎo)、市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)。充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的決定性作用,更好發(fā)揮政府作用,建立有利于廢棄物循環(huán)利用的政策體系和激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制,激發(fā)各類經(jīng)營(yíng)主體活力,引導(dǎo)全民參與,增強(qiáng)廢棄物循環(huán)利用的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。
到2025年,初步建成覆蓋各領(lǐng)域、各環(huán)節(jié)的廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系,主要廢棄物循環(huán)利用取得積極進(jìn)展。尾礦、粉煤灰、煤矸石、冶煉渣、工業(yè)副產(chǎn)石膏、建筑垃圾、秸稈等大宗固體廢棄物年利用量達(dá)到40億噸,新增大宗固體廢棄物綜合利用率達(dá)到60%。廢鋼鐵、廢銅、廢鋁、廢鉛、廢鋅、廢紙、廢塑料、廢橡膠、廢玻璃等主要再生資源年利用量達(dá)到4.5億噸。資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè)年產(chǎn)值達(dá)到5萬(wàn)億元。
到2030年,建成覆蓋全面、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)高效、規(guī)范有序的廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系,各類廢棄物資源價(jià)值得到充分挖掘,再生材料在原材料供給中的占比進(jìn)一步提升,資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模、質(zhì)量顯著提高,廢棄物循環(huán)利用水平總體居于世界前列。
二、推進(jìn)廢棄物精細(xì)管理和有效回收
(一)加強(qiáng)工業(yè)廢棄物精細(xì)管理。壓實(shí)廢棄物產(chǎn)生單位主體責(zé)任,完善一般工業(yè)固體廢棄物管理臺(tái)賬制度。推進(jìn)工業(yè)固體廢棄物分類收集、分類貯存,防范混堆混排,為資源循環(huán)利用預(yù)留條件。全面摸底排查歷史遺留固體廢棄物堆存場(chǎng),實(shí)施分級(jí)分類整改,督促貯存量大的企業(yè)加強(qiáng)資源循環(huán)利用。完善工業(yè)廢水收集處理設(shè)施。鼓勵(lì)廢棄物產(chǎn)生單位與利用單位開(kāi)展點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)定向合作。
(二)完善農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物收集體系。建立健全畜禽糞污收集處理利用體系,因地制宜建設(shè)畜禽糞污集中收集處理、沼渣沼液貯存利用等配套設(shè)施。健全秸稈收儲(chǔ)運(yùn)體系,引導(dǎo)秸稈產(chǎn)出大戶就地收貯,培育收儲(chǔ)運(yùn)第三方服務(wù)主體。指導(dǎo)地方加強(qiáng)農(nóng)膜、農(nóng)藥與化肥包裝、農(nóng)機(jī)具、漁網(wǎng)等廢舊農(nóng)用物資回收。積極發(fā)揮供銷合作系統(tǒng)回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)作用。
(三)推進(jìn)社會(huì)源廢棄物分類回收。持續(xù)推進(jìn)生活垃圾分類工作。完善廢舊家電、電子產(chǎn)品等各類廢舊物資回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)。進(jìn)一步提升廢舊物資回收環(huán)節(jié)預(yù)處理能力。推動(dòng)生活垃圾分類網(wǎng)點(diǎn)與廢舊物資回收網(wǎng)點(diǎn)“兩網(wǎng)融合”。因地制宜健全農(nóng)村廢舊物資回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)。修訂建筑垃圾管理規(guī)定,完善建筑垃圾管理體系。鼓勵(lì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)在廢舊物資分類回收中發(fā)揮示范帶頭作用。支持“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+回收”模式發(fā)展。推動(dòng)有條件的生產(chǎn)、銷售企業(yè)開(kāi)展廢舊產(chǎn)品逆向物流回收。深入實(shí)施家電、電子產(chǎn)品等領(lǐng)域生產(chǎn)者回收目標(biāo)責(zé)任制行動(dòng)。加強(qiáng)城市園林綠化垃圾回收利用。加快城鎮(zhèn)生活污水收集管網(wǎng)建設(shè)。
三、提高廢棄物資源化和再利用水平
(四)強(qiáng)化大宗固體廢棄物綜合利用。進(jìn)一步拓寬大宗固體廢棄物綜合利用渠道,在符合環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和要求前提下,加強(qiáng)綜合利用產(chǎn)品在建筑領(lǐng)域推廣應(yīng)用,暢通井下充填、生態(tài)修復(fù)、路基材料等利用消納渠道,促進(jìn)尾礦、冶煉渣中有價(jià)組分高效提取和清潔利用。加大復(fù)雜難用工業(yè)固體廢棄物規(guī)?;眉夹g(shù)裝備研發(fā)力度。持續(xù)推進(jìn)秸稈綜合利用工作。
(五)加強(qiáng)再生資源高效利用。鼓勵(lì)廢鋼鐵、廢有色金屬、廢紙、廢塑料等再生資源精深加工產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈合理延伸。支持現(xiàn)有再生資源加工利用項(xiàng)目綠色化、機(jī)械化、智能化提質(zhì)改造。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)和科研機(jī)構(gòu)加強(qiáng)技術(shù)裝備研發(fā),支持先進(jìn)技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用。加快推進(jìn)污水資源化利用,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有污水處理設(shè)施提標(biāo)升級(jí)、擴(kuò)能改造,系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)污水再生利用設(shè)施,因地制宜實(shí)施區(qū)域再生水循環(huán)利用工程。
(六)引導(dǎo)二手商品交易便利化、規(guī)范化。鼓勵(lì)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+二手”模式發(fā)展。支持有條件的地區(qū)建設(shè)集中規(guī)范的二手商品交易市場(chǎng)。完善舊貨交易管理制度,研究制定網(wǎng)絡(luò)舊貨交易管理辦法,健全舊貨評(píng)估鑒定行業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)和管理機(jī)制。出臺(tái)二手商品交易企業(yè)交易平板電腦、手機(jī)等電子產(chǎn)品時(shí)信息清除方法相關(guān)規(guī)范,保障舊貨交易時(shí)出售者信息安全。研究解決舊貨轉(zhuǎn)售、翻新等服務(wù)或相關(guān)商品涉及的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問(wèn)題。支持符合質(zhì)量等相關(guān)要求的二手車出口。
(七)促進(jìn)廢舊裝備再制造。推進(jìn)汽車零部件、工程機(jī)械、機(jī)床、文化辦公設(shè)備等傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域再制造產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,探索在盾構(gòu)機(jī)、航空
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、工業(yè)
機(jī)器人等新領(lǐng)域有序開(kāi)展高端裝備再制造。推廣應(yīng)用無(wú)損檢測(cè)、增材制造、柔性加工等再制造共性關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在履行告知消費(fèi)者義務(wù)并征得消費(fèi)者同意的前提下,鼓勵(lì)汽車零部件再制造產(chǎn)品在售后維修等領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用。
(八)推進(jìn)廢棄物能源化利用。加快城鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾處理設(shè)施建設(shè),補(bǔ)齊縣級(jí)地區(qū)生活垃圾焚燒處理能力短板。有序推進(jìn)廚余垃圾處理設(shè)施建設(shè),提升廢棄油脂等廚余垃圾能源化、資源化利用水平。因地制宜推進(jìn)農(nóng)林生物質(zhì)能源化開(kāi)發(fā)利用,穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)生物質(zhì)能多元化開(kāi)發(fā)利用。在符合相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、環(huán)境和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且技術(shù)可行、環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可控的前提下,有序推進(jìn)生活垃圾焚燒處理設(shè)施協(xié)同處置部分固體廢棄物。
(九)推廣資源循環(huán)型生產(chǎn)模式。推進(jìn)企業(yè)內(nèi)、園區(qū)內(nèi)、產(chǎn)業(yè)間能源梯級(jí)利用、水資源循環(huán)利用、固體廢棄物綜合利用,加強(qiáng)工業(yè)余壓余熱和廢氣廢液資源化利用。研究制定制造業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展指南。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)企業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)審核和結(jié)果應(yīng)用。深入推進(jìn)綠色礦山建設(shè)。推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中廢氣回收和資源化利用。支持二氧化碳資源化利用及固碳技術(shù)模式探索應(yīng)用。深入實(shí)施園區(qū)循環(huán)化改造。積極推進(jìn)生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè)。推廣種養(yǎng)結(jié)合、農(nóng)牧結(jié)合等循環(huán)型農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式。
四、加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)廢棄物循環(huán)利用
(十)加強(qiáng)廢舊動(dòng)力電池循環(huán)利用。加強(qiáng)新能源汽車動(dòng)力電池溯源管理。組織開(kāi)展生產(chǎn)者回收目標(biāo)責(zé)任制行動(dòng)。建立健全動(dòng)力電池生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)、碳足跡核算等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,積極參與制定動(dòng)力電池循環(huán)利用國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),推動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范國(guó)際合作互認(rèn)。大力推動(dòng)動(dòng)力電池梯次利用產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量認(rèn)證,研究制定廢舊動(dòng)力電池回收拆解企業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范。開(kāi)展清理廢舊動(dòng)力電池“作坊式回收”聯(lián)合專項(xiàng)檢查行動(dòng)。研究舊動(dòng)力電池進(jìn)口管理政策。
(十一)加強(qiáng)低值可回收物循環(huán)利用。指導(dǎo)地方完善低值可回收物目錄,在生活垃圾分類中不斷提高廢玻璃、低值廢塑料等低值可回收物分類準(zhǔn)確率。支持各地將低值可回收物回收利用工作納入政府購(gòu)買服務(wù)范圍。鼓勵(lì)各地探索采取特許經(jīng)營(yíng)等方式推進(jìn)低值可回收物回收利用。鼓勵(lì)有條件的地方實(shí)行低值可回收物再生利用補(bǔ)貼政策。
(十二)探索新型廢棄物循環(huán)利用路徑。促進(jìn)退役風(fēng)電、光伏設(shè)備循環(huán)利用,建立健全風(fēng)電和光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)退役設(shè)備處理責(zé)任機(jī)制。推進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)中心、通信基站等新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域廢棄物循環(huán)利用。研究修訂《廢棄電器電子產(chǎn)品處理目錄》,加強(qiáng)新型電器電子廢棄物管理,完善廢棄電器電子產(chǎn)品處理資格許可等環(huán)境管理配套政策。
五、培育壯大資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè)
(十三)推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚化發(fā)展。開(kāi)展“城市礦產(chǎn)”示范基地升級(jí)行動(dòng),支持大宗固體廢棄物綜合利用示范基地、工業(yè)資源綜合利用基地等產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū)發(fā)展,深入推進(jìn)廢舊物資循環(huán)利用體系重點(diǎn)城市建設(shè)。落實(shí)主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略,結(jié)合生態(tài)環(huán)境分區(qū)管控要求,引導(dǎo)各地根據(jù)本地區(qū)資源稟賦、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、廢棄物特點(diǎn)等情況,優(yōu)化資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè)布局。
(十四)培育行業(yè)骨干企業(yè)。分領(lǐng)域、分區(qū)域培育一批技術(shù)裝備先進(jìn)、管理運(yùn)營(yíng)規(guī)范、創(chuàng)新能力突出、引領(lǐng)帶動(dòng)力強(qiáng)的行業(yè)骨干企業(yè)。鼓勵(lì)重點(diǎn)城市群、都市圈建立健全區(qū)域廢棄物協(xié)同利用機(jī)制,支持布局建設(shè)一批區(qū)域性廢棄物循環(huán)利用重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。支持國(guó)內(nèi)資源循環(huán)利用企業(yè)“走出去”,為建設(shè)綠色絲綢之路作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。引導(dǎo)國(guó)有企業(yè)在廢棄物循環(huán)利用工作中發(fā)揮骨干和表率作用。
(十五)引導(dǎo)行業(yè)規(guī)范發(fā)展。對(duì)廢棄電器電子產(chǎn)品、報(bào)廢機(jī)動(dòng)車、廢塑料、廢鋼鐵、廢有色金屬等再生資源加工利用企業(yè)實(shí)施規(guī)范管理。強(qiáng)化固體廢棄物污染環(huán)境防治信息化監(jiān)管,推進(jìn)固體廢棄物全過(guò)程監(jiān)控和信息化追溯。強(qiáng)化廢棄物循環(huán)利用企業(yè)監(jiān)督管理,確保穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo)排放。依法查處非法回收拆解報(bào)廢機(jī)動(dòng)車、廢棄電器電子產(chǎn)品等行為。加強(qiáng)再生資源回收行業(yè)管理。依法打擊再生資源回收、二手商品交易中的違法違規(guī)行為。
六、完善政策機(jī)制
(十六)完善支持政策。充分利用現(xiàn)有資金渠道加強(qiáng)對(duì)廢棄物循環(huán)利用重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的支持。落實(shí)落細(xì)資源綜合利用增值稅和企業(yè)所得稅優(yōu)惠政策。細(xì)化貯存或處置固體廢棄物的環(huán)境保護(hù)有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,綜合考慮固體廢棄物的環(huán)境危害程度、環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、稅收征管工作基礎(chǔ)等因素,完善固體廢物環(huán)境保護(hù)稅的政策執(zhí)行口徑,加大征管力度,引導(dǎo)工業(yè)固體廢棄物優(yōu)先循環(huán)利用。有序推行生活垃圾分類計(jì)價(jià)、計(jì)量收費(fèi)。推廣應(yīng)用綠色信貸、綠色債券、綠色信托等綠色金融工具,引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)按照市場(chǎng)化法治化原則加大對(duì)廢棄物循環(huán)利用項(xiàng)目的支持力度。
(十七)完善用地保障機(jī)制。各地要統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域內(nèi)社會(huì)源廢棄物分類收集、中轉(zhuǎn)貯存等回收設(shè)施建設(shè),將其納入公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施用地范圍,保障合理用地需求。鼓勵(lì)城市人民政府完善資源循環(huán)利用項(xiàng)目用地保障機(jī)制,在規(guī)劃中留出一定空間用于保障資源循環(huán)利用項(xiàng)目。
(十八)完善科技創(chuàng)新機(jī)制。開(kāi)展資源循環(huán)利用先進(jìn)技術(shù)示范工程,動(dòng)態(tài)更新國(guó)家工業(yè)資源綜合利用先進(jìn)適用工藝技術(shù)設(shè)備目錄。鼓勵(lì)各地組織廢棄物循環(huán)利用技術(shù)推廣對(duì)接、交流培訓(xùn),推動(dòng)技術(shù)成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用。將廢棄物循環(huán)利用關(guān)鍵工藝技術(shù)裝備研發(fā)納入國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃相關(guān)重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)支持范圍。支持企業(yè)與高校、科研院所開(kāi)展產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作。
(十九)完善再生材料推廣應(yīng)用機(jī)制。完善再生材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。研究建立再生材料認(rèn)證制度,推動(dòng)國(guó)際合作互認(rèn)。開(kāi)展重點(diǎn)再生材料碳足跡核算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法研究。建立政府綠色采購(gòu)需求標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將更多符合條件的再生材料和產(chǎn)品納入政府綠色采購(gòu)范圍。結(jié)合落實(shí)生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度,開(kāi)展再生材料應(yīng)用升級(jí)行動(dòng),引導(dǎo)汽車、電器電子產(chǎn)品等生產(chǎn)企業(yè)提高再生材料使用比例。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)將再生材料應(yīng)用情況納入企業(yè)履行社會(huì)責(zé)任范圍。
七、加強(qiáng)組織實(shí)施
(二十)加強(qiáng)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。堅(jiān)持加強(qiáng)黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和黨中央集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo),把黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)貫徹到加快發(fā)展方式綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的各領(lǐng)域全過(guò)程,切實(shí)加快構(gòu)建廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系。各地區(qū)各有關(guān)部門(mén)要完善工作機(jī)制,細(xì)化目標(biāo)任務(wù),確保各項(xiàng)政策舉措、重點(diǎn)任務(wù)落地見(jiàn)效。國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委要強(qiáng)化統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào),及時(shí)評(píng)估本意見(jiàn)實(shí)施情況,會(huì)同有關(guān)部門(mén)以廢舊物資循環(huán)利用體系建設(shè)重點(diǎn)城市、已開(kāi)展生活垃圾分類工作的城市、“無(wú)廢城市”為主體,探索開(kāi)展城市資源循環(huán)利用成效評(píng)價(jià),加強(qiáng)支持引導(dǎo)。重大事項(xiàng)及時(shí)請(qǐng)示報(bào)告。
(二十一)抓好宣傳引導(dǎo)。將循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)知識(shí)理念納入有關(guān)教育培訓(xùn)體系。在全國(guó)生態(tài)日、全國(guó)節(jié)能宣傳周、全國(guó)低碳日、環(huán)境日等重要時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn),開(kāi)展形式多樣的宣傳教育活動(dòng),大力宣傳廢棄物循環(huán)利用的重要意義、相關(guān)政策措施。及時(shí)總結(jié)推廣先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和典型做法。
(二十二)強(qiáng)化國(guó)際合作。積極參與國(guó)際循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域議題設(shè)置,加強(qiáng)在聯(lián)合國(guó)、世界貿(mào)易組織等框架和多邊機(jī)制中的國(guó)際合作。與更多重點(diǎn)國(guó)家和地區(qū)建立循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域雙邊合作機(jī)制,以政策對(duì)話、經(jīng)貿(mào)合作、經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享、能力建設(shè)等形式深化雙邊合作。
國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳
2024年2月6日
(本文有刪減)
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