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《黑龍江省秸稈綜合利用工作實施方案（暫行）》政策解讀

2023-11-06 16:52:29 來源：黑龍江省人民政府網(wǎng) 閱讀量：13428 評論

導讀：近日，黑龍江省人民政府辦公廳印發(fā)了《黑龍江省秸稈綜合利用工作實施方案(暫行)》(以下簡稱《方案》)，現(xiàn)解讀如下。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策與標準】近日，黑龍江省人民政府辦公廳印發(fā)了《黑龍江省秸稈綜合利用工作實施方案(暫行)》(以下簡稱《方案》)，現(xiàn)解讀如下。
 
　　省委、省政府高度重視秸稈綜合利用工作，從2017年開始，已連續(xù)6年以省政府辦公廳名義印發(fā)年度秸稈綜合利用工作實施方案。為全面做好2023年全省秸稈綜合利用工作，我省學習借鑒了發(fā)達國家和外省(市、區(qū))的先進做法，針對秸稈還田和“五化”利用情況深入開展調研，結合2023年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部關于做好秸稈綜合利用工作的有關要求，在2022年秸稈綜合利用工作實施方案的基礎上，對部分扶持政策進行優(yōu)化調整，出臺了《方案》。
 
　　《方案》第一部分明確了總體思路和工作目標。將秸稈綜合利用與大氣污染防治、農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展、鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)振興緊密結合，堅持農(nóng)用優(yōu)先、就近利用、多措并舉、發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)，2023年，全省秸稈綜合利用率達到95%以上，秸稈還田率達到68%以上。
 
　　《方案》第二部分提出了重點任務。一是加強秸稈還田肥料化利用，保育黑土耕地。將秸稈機械化直接還田作為重點，因地制宜分區(qū)域分作物推廣秸稈還田技術模式，協(xié)同推進秸稈腐熟、生產(chǎn)有機肥和畜牧養(yǎng)殖過腹等間接還田方式，發(fā)揮好秸稈還田的耕地保育功能。二是秸稈離田產(chǎn)業(yè)化利用，延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。加快推進秸稈飼料化利用，促進秸稈飼料轉化增值。積極推廣秸稈生物天然氣、熱解氣化等技術，提升農(nóng)村清潔用能比例。推動以秸稈為原料進行編織加工的復合材料、工業(yè)產(chǎn)品以及基質基料，延伸秸稈產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。三是做好秸稈供需有序銜接，確保原料供應。按照“政府統(tǒng)籌、市場運作、多方受益”的原則，建立利益聯(lián)結機制。四是規(guī)范秸稈打包離田操作，提高作業(yè)質量。積極推廣不帶土的秸稈離田作業(yè)方式，加強對收集表土及篩下物管理，通過直接還田或加工生產(chǎn)育秧基質和有機肥間接還田等方式回流耕地。五是強化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全程社會化服務，降低作業(yè)成本。探索農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)社會化服務的新路徑和有效方式，通過加強與北大荒農(nóng)墾集團對接合作，鼓勵發(fā)展企業(yè)自營、農(nóng)民合作社兼營和經(jīng)紀人專營等收儲運服務網(wǎng)絡，通過市場化運作，提供秸稈收儲運綜合服務。
 
　　《方案》第三部分明確了扶持政策。2023年，省級將通過政府引導扶持，吸引社會資本和農(nóng)民積極參與，建立農(nóng)用為主、多元利用的秸稈綜合利用發(fā)展模式，在保持政策總體連續(xù)性的同時，對部分扶持政策進行調整。同時，鼓勵市、縣政府出臺配套政策，加大投入力度。
 
　　一是在秸稈還田方面，開展玉米秸稈翻埋還田、松耙碎混還田作業(yè)的，省級補貼每畝32元；開展玉米聯(lián)合整地碎混還田作業(yè)的，省級補貼每畝20元。玉米保護性耕作免(少)耕補貼按照國家和我省有關政策執(zhí)行。開展水稻秸稈翻埋還田、旋耕還田、原位攪漿還田作業(yè)的，省級補貼每畝20元；對因洪澇災害絕產(chǎn)(絕收)的玉米和水稻地塊，開展上述秸稈還田作業(yè)的，每畝再增加補貼20元。對在玉米或水稻同一地塊開展秸稈部分離田作業(yè)后，剩余不低于30%的秸稈進行還田作業(yè)的，省級按上述全量還田作業(yè)補貼標準的80%進行補貼。二是在秸稈離田方面，每個重點縣可在中央下達的秸稈綜合利用試點縣資金中，單獨列支300萬元，對秸稈加工利用主體、秸稈收儲運體系等秸稈離田方面進行支持，具體補貼方向和標準，由縣級自主編制工作方案，報省級備案后實施。非重點縣不享受該政策。三是在清理根茬殘余物方面，開展玉米或水稻秸稈離田作業(yè)的地塊，對該地塊的秸稈殘余物、根茬進行還田處理的，省級補貼每畝10元。四是在秸稈綜合利用重點縣專項工作任務方面，重點縣專項工作任務按照秸稈還田監(jiān)測相關工作20萬元、草谷比和可收集系數(shù)監(jiān)測相關工作5萬元、4個展示基地每處5萬元標準，每個縣需列支45萬元。
 
　　《方案》第四部分提出了保障措施。一是強化工作推進。要求各級政府切實履行屬地責任，實施“一把手”工程，落實行政首長負責制，逐級簽訂秸稈綜合利用任務書。壓實各級“田長制”管理責任，把秸稈還田離田工作任務落實到人、包保到戶、管控到地塊，形成一級抓一級，層層抓落實的工作格局。實行定期調度、通報和預警制度，對不能保質保量完成目標任務的，進行通報批評，對未完成秸稈綜合利用率既定任務目標的扣撥補助資金。二是明確部門責任。繼續(xù)明確省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳、省發(fā)展改革委、省工業(yè)和信息化廳、省財政廳、省生態(tài)環(huán)境廳、省科技廳等相關部門責任，形成有效工作合力；自然資源部門、稅務部門、電力部門、金融部門要落實好用地、稅收、用電、金融等相關政策。三是強化技術指導。制發(fā)秸稈還田離田作業(yè)技術方案和農(nóng)作物機械化收獲技術操作規(guī)程，督促引導農(nóng)作物機械收獲時控制留茬高度，同步進行粉碎拋撒，以利于下步秸稈還田作業(yè)。規(guī)范離田作業(yè)標準，合理調整機械設備，從源頭上減少土壤流失。成立省級秸稈綜合利用專家指導組，下沉基層指導。組織縣鄉(xiāng)兩級農(nóng)技人員，深入田間地頭指導，宣傳補貼政策，因地制宜推廣科學實用的秸稈綜合利用技術。四是加強資金監(jiān)管。2023年度，省級采取“后補助”方式，待2023年度秸稈利用周期結束后，根據(jù)各地實際完成情況下?lián)苎a助資金。要切實提高資金監(jiān)管水平，對于面向農(nóng)戶的補貼，全部納入“一卡通”管理，提倡鼓勵引入第三方服務監(jiān)管等方式，加強預算績效管理。依法依規(guī)探索將耕地地力保護補貼發(fā)放與黑土地保護責任落實掛鉤機制，充分調動農(nóng)民積極性，提高財政資金使用效益。五是營造輿論氛圍。發(fā)揮新聞媒體的輿論引導和監(jiān)督作用，大力宣傳補貼政策和實用技術。發(fā)揮縣鄉(xiāng)兩級農(nóng)技推廣體系作用，提高農(nóng)民主動參與意識。適時舉辦秸稈綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)場會、展示會，打造秸稈綜合利用示范樣板，增強輻射帶動效應，提升全省秸稈綜合利用水平。

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