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開(kāi)展時(shí)間: 2025-02-11
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地點(diǎn): 巴彥淖爾市
開(kāi)展時(shí)間: 2025-02-22
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地點(diǎn): 廣州市
開(kāi)展時(shí)間: 2025-02-25
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經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行逐步復(fù)蘇 創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)——2023年上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行情況
2023-08-10
11:30:54
來(lái)源:中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì) 閱讀量:14565
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導(dǎo)讀:今年以來(lái),機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)中有進(jìn),一季度實(shí)現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)開(kāi)局;二季度保持上升態(tài)勢(shì),4、5月份在上年低基數(shù)之上各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)高速增長(zhǎng),6月份隨著對(duì)比基數(shù)的提升,主要指標(biāo)增速有所放緩。
【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】2023年8月8日,中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)在京召開(kāi)2023年上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行形勢(shì)信息發(fā)布會(huì)。中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)執(zhí)行副會(huì)長(zhǎng)羅俊杰發(fā)布2023年上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行形勢(shì)信息,現(xiàn)將信息發(fā)布稿刊登如下,供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行逐步復(fù)蘇 創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)
——2023年上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行情況
2023年是全面貫徹落實(shí)黨的二十大精神的開(kāi)局之年,經(jīng)歷過(guò)三年疫情的重重考驗(yàn),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步恢復(fù)。機(jī)械工業(yè)堅(jiān)決貫徹落實(shí)黨中央國(guó)務(wù)院的各項(xiàng)決策部署,堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn),砥礪前行,在逐漸消除去年底疫情肆虐對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)影響的同時(shí),搶抓機(jī)遇、開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng),上半年主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)較快增長(zhǎng),高質(zhì)量發(fā)展有序推進(jìn),為做好穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)物價(jià)工作做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。展望下半年,機(jī)械工業(yè)內(nèi)需市場(chǎng)將進(jìn)一步改善向好,發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷優(yōu)化;但當(dāng)前行業(yè)仍面臨市場(chǎng)需求不振、賬款回收難等問(wèn)題,部分分行業(yè)存在下行壓力。
一
上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)運(yùn)行情況
今年以來(lái),機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)中有進(jìn),一季度實(shí)現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)開(kāi)局;二季度保持上升態(tài)勢(shì),4、5月份在上年低基數(shù)之上各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)高速增長(zhǎng),6月份隨著對(duì)比基數(shù)的提升,主要指標(biāo)增速有所放緩。
一、
行業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)
1、增加值增速快速回升
上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)增加值同比增長(zhǎng)9.7%,較一季度加快3.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn),高于同期全國(guó)工業(yè)和制造業(yè)增速5.9和5.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn);近兩年平均增速為5.1%,高于全國(guó)工業(yè)和制造業(yè)1.5和1.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。其中,電氣機(jī)械和器材制造業(yè)、汽車制造業(yè)帶動(dòng)作用突出,增加值增速分別達(dá)到15.7%和13.1%;專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)和儀器儀表制造業(yè)平穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng),增速為5.5%和6.5%;通用設(shè)備制造業(yè)增速僅為3.6%,低于全國(guó)工業(yè)和制造業(yè)增速。
2、產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷形勢(shì)逐步恢復(fù)
上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)的120種主要產(chǎn)品中,58種產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量同比增長(zhǎng),占比48.3%;62種產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量同比下降,占比51.7%。與一季度相比,產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品比重提高10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。具體看,主要產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷呈現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn):一是汽車產(chǎn)銷恢復(fù)向好,上半年汽車產(chǎn)銷量分別完成1324.8萬(wàn)輛和1323.9萬(wàn)輛,同比分別增長(zhǎng)9.3%和9.8%。二是電工電器行業(yè)繼續(xù)保持增長(zhǎng)。電源與電網(wǎng)投資保持高位,帶動(dòng)電力裝備生產(chǎn)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng),上半年
發(fā)電機(jī)組產(chǎn)量同比增長(zhǎng)28.9%、太陽(yáng)能電池產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)54.5%;低壓開(kāi)關(guān)板、變壓器等輸變電產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量也高速增長(zhǎng)。三是國(guó)際油價(jià)處于相對(duì)高位利好于相關(guān)裝備市場(chǎng),石油化工設(shè)備生產(chǎn)保持較快增長(zhǎng)。四是工程機(jī)械受房地產(chǎn)建設(shè)低迷以及行業(yè)周期性影響,上半年
挖掘機(jī)和
裝載機(jī)的銷量分別下降24%和13.3%。五是機(jī)床產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量下降,金屬切削機(jī)床和金屬成形機(jī)床產(chǎn)量分別下降2.9%和11.9%。
3、產(chǎn)能利用率穩(wěn)步回升
生產(chǎn)的恢復(fù)帶動(dòng)產(chǎn)能力利用率穩(wěn)步回升。上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)主要涉及的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)大類中,通用設(shè)備、專用設(shè)備、汽車和電氣機(jī)械行業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率分別為79.4%、77.5%、72.7%和76.5%;與一季度相比,4個(gè)行業(yè)大類的產(chǎn)能利用水平均有不同程度的上升。與全國(guó)工業(yè)和制造業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率相比,汽車制造業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率仍處于低位,分別低1.7和2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
4、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與資產(chǎn)負(fù)債雙增長(zhǎng)
技術(shù)創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí),推動(dòng)機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指標(biāo)回升。匯總國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示,上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)營(yíng)業(yè)收入13.6萬(wàn)億元,同比增長(zhǎng)9.4%;實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)總額7751.7億元,同比增長(zhǎng)12.2%;增速高于同期全國(guó)工業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)收入和利潤(rùn)總額9.8和29個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。但同時(shí),機(jī)械行業(yè)負(fù)債也快速增長(zhǎng),截至6月末負(fù)債總計(jì)同比增長(zhǎng)13.9%,高于全國(guó)工業(yè)7.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn);資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率達(dá)到58.8%。
5、固定資產(chǎn)投資走勢(shì)分化
聚焦技術(shù)改造與新一代產(chǎn)品研發(fā),上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)主要涉及的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)大類固定資產(chǎn)投資均實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng),通用設(shè)備、專用設(shè)備、汽車、電氣機(jī)械、儀器儀表行業(yè)固定資產(chǎn)投資同比分別增長(zhǎng)3.7%、7.7%、20%、38.9%和24.1%。其中,電氣機(jī)械行業(yè)在電池制造、輸變電及控制設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域的帶動(dòng)下,2022年2月份以來(lái)投資增速始終高于33%,表現(xiàn)出良好的態(tài)勢(shì);而通用設(shè)備、專用設(shè)備兩個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性行業(yè)的固定資產(chǎn)投資呈現(xiàn)放緩走勢(shì),增速較一季度回落3.9和2.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn),也低于同期全國(guó)工業(yè)投資增速5.2和1.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
6、對(duì)外貿(mào)易保持增長(zhǎng)
匯總海關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)出口總額5361億美元,同比增長(zhǎng)5.1%。其中,進(jìn)口1435億美元,同比下降14%;出口3926億美元,同比增長(zhǎng)14.4%;實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差2491億美元,同比增長(zhǎng)41.2%,占全國(guó)貿(mào)易順差中的比重超過(guò)60%。從運(yùn)行趨勢(shì)看,與一季度相比,機(jī)械工業(yè)進(jìn)口降幅收窄、出口增速放緩,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額的增速加快。
7、出廠價(jià)格指數(shù)下行
受市場(chǎng)供需形勢(shì)影響,今年2月份以來(lái),機(jī)械工業(yè)出廠價(jià)格指數(shù)進(jìn)入下行區(qū)間,并且降幅逐步加深。6月份,機(jī)械工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出廠價(jià)格同比下降1.5%,降幅較工業(yè)窄3.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。機(jī)械工業(yè)主要涉及的行業(yè)大類出廠價(jià)格降多增少,通用設(shè)備、專用設(shè)備、汽車、電氣機(jī)械行業(yè)出廠價(jià)格同比分別下降0.4%、0.5%、1.3%和1.9%,儀器儀表行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)0.8%。
二、
行業(yè)運(yùn)行中的亮點(diǎn)
隨著做優(yōu)做強(qiáng)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)、推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)各項(xiàng)措施落地顯效,機(jī)械工業(yè)主動(dòng)作為、順勢(shì)而上,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、新動(dòng)能壯大、發(fā)展質(zhì)量穩(wěn)步提升。
1、裝備供給能力提升助推能源綠色轉(zhuǎn)型
機(jī)械工業(yè)踐行“雙碳”戰(zhàn)略,為構(gòu)建以清潔能源為主體的新型能源供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)提供綠色動(dòng)力,一批具有國(guó)際先進(jìn)性的裝備投入使用、國(guó)產(chǎn)化水平提升。上半年,能源裝備制造行業(yè)累計(jì)完成營(yíng)業(yè)收入2.9萬(wàn)億元、利潤(rùn)總額1388.8億元,同比增長(zhǎng)13.9%和18.1%,對(duì)機(jī)械工業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)收入與利潤(rùn)總額增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到30.3%和25.3%。全球首臺(tái)陸上商用模塊化小堆“玲龍一號(hào)”反應(yīng)堆核心模塊竣工驗(yàn)收,標(biāo)志我國(guó)在模塊化小型堆技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和核電重大技術(shù)裝備國(guó)產(chǎn)化方面實(shí)現(xiàn)重要突破。全球單機(jī)容量最大、葉輪直徑最大、單位兆瓦重量最輕的16兆瓦海上風(fēng)電機(jī)組成功吊裝,18兆瓦海上風(fēng)電機(jī)組成功研制。我國(guó)首次將光伏發(fā)電耦合固態(tài)儲(chǔ)氫應(yīng)用于電力系統(tǒng)的電氫智慧能源站固態(tài)氫能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目成功并網(wǎng)。
2、智能化、綠色化轉(zhuǎn)型匯聚發(fā)展新動(dòng)能
上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)行業(yè)累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)營(yíng)業(yè)收入10.9萬(wàn)億元、利潤(rùn)總額6079.2億元,同比增長(zhǎng)10.4%、15.6%,增速高于機(jī)械工業(yè)1個(gè)和3.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。智能化產(chǎn)品從試點(diǎn)到推廣應(yīng)用,在遠(yuǎn)程操控與診斷、智能巡檢、人機(jī)協(xié)作等方面取得大量應(yīng)用成果;一批機(jī)械企業(yè)入圍智能制造示范工廠。我國(guó)自主研制的世界首臺(tái)10米超大采高智能化采煤機(jī)下線,國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)大規(guī)模抽水蓄能人工智能數(shù)據(jù)分析平臺(tái)投入運(yùn)行,國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)自主研發(fā)髖膝一體骨科手術(shù)機(jī)器人上市。新能源與綠色裝備供應(yīng)能力增強(qiáng)。上半年,新能源汽車產(chǎn)銷累計(jì)完成378.8萬(wàn)輛和374.7萬(wàn)輛,同比增速均超過(guò)40%,新能源汽車新車銷量達(dá)到汽車新車總銷量的28.3%;截至6月末全國(guó)新能源汽車保有量達(dá)到1620萬(wàn)輛,占汽車總量的4.9%。新能源工程機(jī)械加快發(fā)展,電動(dòng)叉車、挖掘機(jī)、裝載機(jī)、礦用自卸車等已經(jīng)批量應(yīng)用。電動(dòng)叉車占叉車總量的比重已超過(guò)62%;電動(dòng)裝載機(jī)銷量已超過(guò)1100臺(tái),接近去年全年銷量。世界首臺(tái)綠色盾構(gòu)機(jī)、全球最大噸位氫能源礦用卡車相繼下線投入使用。
3、量穩(wěn)質(zhì)升,外貿(mào)發(fā)展活力增強(qiáng)
在復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)環(huán)境下,機(jī)械工業(yè)外貿(mào)規(guī)模穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力增強(qiáng)。高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口明顯增長(zhǎng)。上半年,全國(guó)外貿(mào)增長(zhǎng)新動(dòng)能的“新三樣”——電動(dòng)載人汽車、鋰電池、太陽(yáng)能電池,均出自機(jī)械行業(yè),出口金額同比增長(zhǎng)163.8%、58.1%、10.4%。此外工程機(jī)械中技術(shù)含量較高的履帶挖掘機(jī)、裝載機(jī)、壓路機(jī)、推土機(jī)、電動(dòng)叉車、全路面起重機(jī)、非公路礦用自卸車等出口也實(shí)現(xiàn)快速增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)制造更加廣泛地加入到世界各國(guó)的建設(shè)發(fā)展中,為阿塞拜疆裝機(jī)容量最大的明蓋恰烏爾燃?xì)怆姀S建設(shè)提供電工裝備,為孟加拉首座核電站建設(shè)提供工程機(jī)械,為北美高端市場(chǎng)提供成套化港口機(jī)械。僅今年上半年,機(jī)械工業(yè)已為全球230余個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)提供機(jī)械裝備。
4、創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),創(chuàng)新成果不斷涌現(xiàn)
截至6月末,機(jī)械工業(yè)掛牌運(yùn)行和批準(zhǔn)建設(shè)的創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)達(dá)到260家,其中工程研究中心130家,重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室121家,創(chuàng)新中心9家,基本形成了以企業(yè)為主體,科研院所及高校為支撐、輻射面較廣、研究實(shí)力較為雄厚、功能比較完備的行業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新體系。創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)有力地支撐了創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,大國(guó)重器研制亮點(diǎn)頻現(xiàn)。額定起重力矩20000噸米的全球最大塔式起重機(jī)下線,將用于世界最大跨度三塔斜拉橋——馬鞍山公鐵兩用長(zhǎng)江大橋項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。成功研制擁有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的全球首臺(tái)12000米特深井自動(dòng)化鉆機(jī),為挑戰(zhàn)深地極限、開(kāi)發(fā)超深層油氣資源提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的裝備保障。成功研制世界首臺(tái)容量最大戶外智能型50000Kva/110Kv有載干式變壓器,相較于油浸式變壓器更加清潔,滿足了水源地區(qū)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)保要求。成功研制世界首臺(tái)套3000噸級(jí)OMB多噴嘴對(duì)置式粉煤加壓氣化爐,實(shí)現(xiàn)煤化工領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)和裝備的歷史性突破。
5、產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)能力和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈現(xiàn)代化水平持續(xù)提升
聚焦短板,瞄準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的卡點(diǎn)、斷點(diǎn),機(jī)械工業(yè)加大研發(fā)力度,基礎(chǔ)能力提升、固鏈穩(wěn)鏈取得新進(jìn)展。安裝在廣州抽水蓄能電站7號(hào)機(jī)組的我國(guó)首套300兆瓦抽蓄機(jī)組“芯片級(jí)”自主可控勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)和調(diào)速器系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,有力增強(qiáng)我國(guó)抽水蓄能產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和安全性。自主研制的全球最大功率20MW半直驅(qū)永磁風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)成功下線,標(biāo)志著我國(guó)大功率海上風(fēng)電發(fā)電機(jī)自主研制能力又上新臺(tái)階。成功研制的全球首套氨氫融合復(fù)合動(dòng)力燃料供給系統(tǒng)在一汽解放液氨直噴零碳內(nèi)燃機(jī)成功點(diǎn)火,標(biāo)志我國(guó)在商用車氨氫融合內(nèi)燃機(jī)研發(fā)領(lǐng)域取得重要進(jìn)展。國(guó)內(nèi)首臺(tái)150兆瓦級(jí)大型沖擊式水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪成功下線,標(biāo)志著我國(guó)沖擊式水輪機(jī)核心部件實(shí)現(xiàn)了“從無(wú)到有”的重大突破。
二
行業(yè)運(yùn)行中面臨的困難與問(wèn)題
高速增長(zhǎng)的指標(biāo)提振了行業(yè)信心,但客觀看,上年對(duì)比基數(shù)過(guò)低是形成二季度機(jī)械工業(yè)主要指標(biāo)較高的一個(gè)原因。從兩年平均增速看,上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)收入、利潤(rùn)總額增速分別為7.4%和2.8%,距離上半年上述指標(biāo)兩位數(shù)的同比增速有明顯差距;從絕對(duì)值看,上半年?duì)I業(yè)收入與利潤(rùn)總額的月均完成額低于去年全年的月均水平。當(dāng)前機(jī)械工業(yè)運(yùn)行依然面臨著來(lái)自內(nèi)外部的多重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn),行業(yè)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行壓力猶存。
(一)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)復(fù)蘇不及預(yù)期
上半年我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)呈現(xiàn)波浪式發(fā)展、曲折式前行的特點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)需求恢復(fù)不及預(yù)期,機(jī)械產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)不旺。自4月份起,制造業(yè)PMI新訂單指數(shù)已連續(xù)四個(gè)月位于臨界值之下。機(jī)械企業(yè)在手訂單不足、短單居多。近期專項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,60%的企業(yè)反饋存在訂單不足的問(wèn)題,比例比一季度末提高6個(gè)百分點(diǎn);34%的企業(yè)在手訂單僅滿足近一個(gè)月的生產(chǎn),48%的企業(yè)滿足今年三季度生產(chǎn),部分已簽訂的項(xiàng)目延期執(zhí)行。市場(chǎng)全面有效恢復(fù)或?qū)⑿枰欢ㄐ迯?fù)期。
(二)保持外貿(mào)增長(zhǎng)的壓力加大
受全球供應(yīng)鏈修復(fù)形成貿(mào)易擠壓,以及發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體復(fù)蘇放緩等多重因素影響,外需市場(chǎng)下行壓力逐步顯現(xiàn)。近三個(gè)月,機(jī)械工業(yè)外貿(mào)出口金額環(huán)比持續(xù)下降。6月份,機(jī)械工業(yè)14個(gè)分行業(yè)中有13個(gè)分行出口環(huán)比下降,前期表現(xiàn)良好的汽車行業(yè)出口金額環(huán)比下降12.3%,重型礦山、機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)件、機(jī)器人與智能制造行業(yè)出口金額環(huán)比也表現(xiàn)出兩位數(shù)的下降;特別是機(jī)械工業(yè)當(dāng)月出口金額出現(xiàn)了今年以來(lái)的首次同比下降。從貿(mào)易伙伴看,6月份機(jī)械工業(yè)對(duì)美國(guó)、俄羅斯、德國(guó)三大貿(mào)易伙伴出口環(huán)比均下降,降幅分別為11.8%、2.7%和5.3%。同時(shí)受美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)加息影響,新興市場(chǎng)及發(fā)展中國(guó)家外匯儲(chǔ)備短缺,導(dǎo)致用戶付匯困難,來(lái)自非洲、南美等國(guó)家的新簽訂單下降。近期專項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,55%的企業(yè)在手海外訂單僅滿足近一個(gè)月的生產(chǎn),30%的企業(yè)滿足今年三季度的生產(chǎn);預(yù)計(jì)全年出口額同比下降的企業(yè)由一季度末的22%升至28%。
(三)賬款回收難的問(wèn)題依然困擾著全行業(yè)
截至6月末,機(jī)械工業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款總額為7.7萬(wàn)億元,同比增長(zhǎng)19.7%,高于同期全國(guó)工業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款增速9個(gè)百分點(diǎn),占全國(guó)工業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款總額的比重超過(guò)1/3;機(jī)械工業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款平均回收期為96天,高于上年同期7.3天,高于同期全國(guó)工業(yè)平均水平(63.2天)32.8天。專項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,上半年56%的企業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款增長(zhǎng)、24%的企業(yè)持平;48%的企業(yè)反饋應(yīng)收賬款中逾期的金額同比增長(zhǎng)。
(四)部分行業(yè)下行壓力較大
高增速之下,機(jī)械工業(yè)內(nèi)部分行業(yè)之間運(yùn)行分化明顯,部分行業(yè)面臨較大下行壓力。農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)上年末排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)切換、相關(guān)產(chǎn)品出清。今年年初經(jīng)歷了短暫的補(bǔ)庫(kù)存周期后,生產(chǎn)明顯放緩。上半年10種重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)產(chǎn)品有7種產(chǎn)量下降,行業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)收入同比下降10.7%、利潤(rùn)總額下降12%。軸承、緊固件、工業(yè)鏈條等量大面廣的基礎(chǔ)件產(chǎn)品主要為燃油車配套,隨著新能源車的快速發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)燃油車占比下滑。上半年傳統(tǒng)燃油車占汽車總產(chǎn)量的71.4%,較上年同期下降6.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn),原有產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的配套企業(yè)承壓。上半年機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)件行業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)收入同比下降1.6%,所屬的通用設(shè)備制造業(yè)6月當(dāng)月增加值由正轉(zhuǎn)負(fù),同比下降0.2%,下半年降幅或?qū)⒗^續(xù)擴(kuò)大。
三
機(jī)械工業(yè)全年運(yùn)行走勢(shì)預(yù)判
在需求市場(chǎng)總體恢復(fù)向好與國(guó)家各項(xiàng)政策的支持下,上半年機(jī)械工業(yè)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,為完成全年預(yù)期目標(biāo)奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。展望下半年,利好于機(jī)械工業(yè)運(yùn)行與發(fā)展的因素在陸續(xù)釋放。首先宏觀政策調(diào)控力度增強(qiáng),近期密集出臺(tái)了一批促進(jìn)消費(fèi)、穩(wěn)定投資、改善營(yíng)商環(huán)境的政策措施,存量政策和增量政策疊加發(fā)力將有效改善發(fā)展環(huán)境、增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)信心、進(jìn)一步釋放市場(chǎng)潛力,對(duì)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行持續(xù)回升向好發(fā)揮積極帶動(dòng)作用。其次,隨著“十四五”規(guī)劃中的重大項(xiàng)目、重點(diǎn)工程等進(jìn)一步開(kāi)工建設(shè),基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提速,房地產(chǎn)建設(shè)走出谷底,傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)高端化、智能化、綠色化轉(zhuǎn)型提速,需求市場(chǎng)有望加快恢復(fù)。
但是應(yīng)該看到,下半年機(jī)械工業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行壓力依然存在。一方面世界經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升、通脹預(yù)期延續(xù),地緣政治沖突升級(jí)威脅著全球貿(mào)易復(fù)蘇,發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈多元化訴求提升、大國(guó)間在關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的博弈加劇。另一方面國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)三重壓力雖得到緩解,但依然面臨內(nèi)生動(dòng)力還不強(qiáng)、需求不振、經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型新的阻力等多重考驗(yàn)。
綜合分析,下半年機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行將保持穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì),隨著對(duì)比基數(shù)的抬高,主要指標(biāo)增速逐步放緩,全年工業(yè)增加值、營(yíng)業(yè)收入、利潤(rùn)總額等指標(biāo)增速在5%左右,外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口基本穩(wěn)定。
今年是實(shí)施“十四五”規(guī)劃承前啟后的關(guān)鍵一年,外部環(huán)境復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻,國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨新的困難挑戰(zhàn)。機(jī)械工業(yè)全行業(yè)將堅(jiān)決貫徹落實(shí)黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署,提振信心、努力作為,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)高端化、智能化、綠色化發(fā)展,扎實(shí)推進(jìn)新型工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系建設(shè),以新精神新面貌,奮進(jìn)新征程,建功新時(shí)代,為圓滿完成“十四五”目標(biāo)任務(wù)、實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械工業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展做出新的更大貢獻(xiàn)!
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