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2023全國油菜機(jī)械收獲綜合測評(píng)與機(jī)收減損現(xiàn)場觀摩活動(dòng)在江西舉辦

2023-05-19 08:59:24 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站經(jīng)作機(jī)械處 閱讀量：20773 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：5月9日至16日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站在江西省瑞昌市開展了不同種植方式條件下油菜聯(lián)合收獲、分段收獲作業(yè)效果綜合測評(píng)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】當(dāng)前正值南方冬油菜大面積收獲季節(jié)，得益于去冬今春各地農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門大力推動(dòng)油菜擴(kuò)種和及時(shí)跟蹤指導(dǎo)，適宜不同地區(qū)不同條件的油菜飛播、撒播、機(jī)播、移栽齊上陣，農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝緊密協(xié)作，今年又是一個(gè)油菜豐收年。如何把豐收的油菜籽及時(shí)顆粒歸倉是當(dāng)前急迫的任務(wù)。
 
　　5月9日至16日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站在江西省瑞昌市開展了不同種植方式條件下油菜聯(lián)合收獲、分段收獲作業(yè)效果綜合測評(píng)，總結(jié)提出了適應(yīng)不同需求的油菜高效低損機(jī)收方式，有力地推動(dòng)了先進(jìn)適用油菜收獲機(jī)具加快部署到生產(chǎn)一線。
 
綜合測評(píng)工作小組
 
　　據(jù)悉，油菜是我國第一大食用油料作物，常年種植面積1億畝、產(chǎn)量1560萬噸。人工收獲油菜費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí)，無法實(shí)現(xiàn)搶收騰地種稻，田間損耗很大。全國采用機(jī)械收獲油菜比例超過51%，減損就增產(chǎn)，推動(dòng)油菜機(jī)收減損對(duì)于守穩(wěn)百姓的“油瓶子”意義重大。
 
　　瑞昌市是全國油料獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)大縣和全國主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化示范縣，油菜種植面積20萬畝，機(jī)收率達(dá)到85%。17日，在瑞昌龍鑫農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社舉行的油菜機(jī)械收獲綜合測評(píng)情況交流與油菜機(jī)收減損作業(yè)演示，吸引了南方10個(gè)油菜主產(chǎn)省份農(nóng)機(jī)化管理、農(nóng)機(jī)鑒定和技術(shù)推廣人員，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部油菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化專家指導(dǎo)組成員，有關(guān)媒體和農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)代表，當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門和合作社代表等約100余人現(xiàn)場觀摩。中國工程院院士、華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教授、國家油菜工程技術(shù)研究中心主任傅廷棟蒞臨指導(dǎo)。
 
油菜機(jī)收減損技術(shù)交流與現(xiàn)場觀摩
 
　　傅廷棟指出，農(nóng)機(jī)化總站開展的油菜機(jī)械收獲綜合測評(píng)較為準(zhǔn)確和全面反映出了在各種種植方式條件下，油菜聯(lián)合收獲與分段收獲在機(jī)收損失率和作業(yè)成本上的差異。測評(píng)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證和說明了，分段收獲通過提前割曬擇機(jī)撿拾具有催熟搶收騰茬優(yōu)勢(shì)，分段收獲損失率比聯(lián)合收獲低，分段收獲在油菜籽成熟度和品質(zhì)控制上要優(yōu)于聯(lián)合收獲，但分段收獲拉長了收獲時(shí)間，兩次進(jìn)地增加了作業(yè)成本，相較而言，聯(lián)合收獲更為節(jié)本便捷高效。傅廷棟認(rèn)為，對(duì)于農(nóng)戶小田塊宜采用聯(lián)合收獲直收方式，對(duì)于大戶規(guī)模田塊可以采用分段收獲二次收獲方式。
 
傅廷棟院士現(xiàn)場指導(dǎo)
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站副站長徐振興表示，通過現(xiàn)場觀摩和專題調(diào)研，行業(yè)內(nèi)外共同交流探討推進(jìn)我國油菜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，特別是高效低損收獲的路徑和辦法，從提升機(jī)具產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、機(jī)手作業(yè)質(zhì)量、農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)水平等方面綜合施策，推動(dòng)先進(jìn)適用油菜籽聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)和油菜分段收獲割曬、撿拾專用割臺(tái)優(yōu)化熟化和推廣應(yīng)用，努力提高油菜機(jī)收水平，為油菜擴(kuò)種增產(chǎn)提供有力的裝備支撐。
 
分段收獲撿拾作業(yè)
 
油菜聯(lián)合收獲作業(yè)
 
　　此次油菜機(jī)械收獲綜合測評(píng)工作得到了江蘇、安徽、湖北、江西等省農(nóng)機(jī)鑒定站，九江農(nóng)科院，江蘇沃得、泰州攜創(chuàng)等重點(diǎn)企業(yè)，以及瑞昌農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局和當(dāng)?shù)睾献魃绲拇罅χС?，取得了圓滿成功。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、專家、同行一致認(rèn)為，總站組織開展的綜合測評(píng)工作方法科學(xué)、測試專業(yè)、操作規(guī)范、內(nèi)容豐富、數(shù)據(jù)詳實(shí)、結(jié)果有效。通過此次測評(píng)工作，全國農(nóng)機(jī)鑒定系統(tǒng)加強(qiáng)了技術(shù)交流與業(yè)務(wù)合作，達(dá)到了鍛煉隊(duì)伍、提升能力、深入基層、掌握農(nóng)情、展示形象、推動(dòng)工作、樹立品牌的作用和效果。

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