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這兩年油料作物收獲機(jī)械補(bǔ)貼品種與數(shù)量

2023-05-12 08:57:44 來源：總站信息處 作者：劉振營 閱讀量：14414 評論

導(dǎo)讀：截至2023年4月27日，我國已補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械10939臺。那么這兩年各省區(qū)都補(bǔ)貼了哪些油料作物收獲機(jī)械，數(shù)量各多少呢？

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 補(bǔ)貼動態(tài)】農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼公示數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2023年4月27日，我國已補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械10939臺。那么這兩年各省區(qū)都補(bǔ)貼了哪些油料作物收獲機(jī)械，數(shù)量各多少呢？
 
　　一、油料作物收獲機(jī)械分類及目前補(bǔ)貼品種
 
　　1、油料作物收獲機(jī)械的分類
 
　　按照新農(nóng)機(jī)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，油料作物收獲機(jī)械為農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械第15大類 收獲機(jī)械，第1503小類 油料作物收獲機(jī)械。油料作物收獲機(jī)械又分為：150301大豆收獲機(jī)、150302花生收獲機(jī)(含花生摘果機(jī))、150303 油菜籽收獲機(jī)、150304油沙豆收獲機(jī)、150305葵花籽收獲機(jī)、150306麻類籽粒收獲機(jī)和150350其他油料作物收獲機(jī)械7個品目。
 
　　實(shí)際上，這些品目的移動式油料作物收獲機(jī)械，還可分為自走式、懸掛式和牽引式。
 
　　花生收獲機(jī)根據(jù)作業(yè)功能可分為四種：一是花生挖掘收獲機(jī)，即只把花生從土里挖出來的收獲機(jī)械；二是花生摘果機(jī)，就是把花生果從花生秧上摘下來的收獲機(jī)械；三是花生撿拾聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)，是把挖出來的花生進(jìn)行撿拾、摘果和分選等聯(lián)合作業(yè)的收獲機(jī)械；四是花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)，就是一次性完成挖掘、摘果、分選等功能的花生聯(lián)合作業(yè)收獲機(jī)。
 
　　2、目前我國油料作物收獲機(jī)械補(bǔ)貼的品種
 
　　國家目前補(bǔ)貼的油料作物收獲機(jī)械主要有花生收獲機(jī)、油菜籽收獲機(jī)、葵花籽收獲機(jī)和大豆收獲機(jī)四種。
 
　　由于花生收獲機(jī)品目包括了各個分段收獲的機(jī)械，目前補(bǔ)貼的花生收獲機(jī)，包括花生挖掘收獲機(jī)、花生摘果機(jī)、花生撿拾聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)、花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)等品種。其中補(bǔ)貼的花生撿拾聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)又有自走式和牽引式兩種。
 
　　所有這些品種雖然都是花生收獲機(jī)，但由于其結(jié)構(gòu)和功能差異很大，因此價(jià)格和補(bǔ)貼額相差也很多。
 
　　二、2023年各省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械的品種與數(shù)量
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼公示數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2023年4月27日，三十八個農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼核算省區(qū)，有十六個公示了油料作物收獲機(jī)械數(shù)據(jù)，合計(jì)公示補(bǔ)貼各種油料作物收獲機(jī)械10939臺，其中2023年銷售329臺，其余均為以前年度銷量。
 
　　1、2023年各省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械品種與數(shù)量
 
　　2023年各省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼的油料作物收獲機(jī)械中，花生收獲機(jī)最多，達(dá)10826臺，占比高達(dá)98.97%。其他油料作物收獲機(jī)械還有大豆收獲機(jī)45臺，葵花收獲機(jī)33臺，油菜收獲機(jī)5臺。
 
　　2、2023年油料作物收獲機(jī)械省區(qū)分布
 
　　從2023年油料作物收獲機(jī)械省區(qū)分布看，遼寧省補(bǔ)貼數(shù)量最多，高達(dá)6424臺，占比高達(dá)58.73%；其次為吉林省2083臺，第三為河南省1389臺。這三省合計(jì)補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)9896臺，占比90%以上，除河南補(bǔ)貼了1臺大豆收獲機(jī)和3臺油菜收獲機(jī)外，其余均為花生收獲機(jī)。
 
　　另外，山東省補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械也超過了500臺，其中有大豆收獲機(jī)35臺。
 
2023年各省區(qū)油料作物收獲機(jī)械補(bǔ)貼品種與數(shù)量
 
　　三、2022年各省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械品種與數(shù)量
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2022年有十七省區(qū)公示補(bǔ)貼了油料作物收獲機(jī)械，合計(jì)補(bǔ)貼各種油料作物收獲機(jī)27001臺，當(dāng)年銷售12576臺，其余均為以前年度銷量。
 
　　1、2022年各省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械的品種與數(shù)量
 
　　2022年補(bǔ)貼的油料作物收獲機(jī)械中，最多的仍屬花生收獲機(jī)，達(dá)到26273臺，占比達(dá)到97.30%。其余油料作物收獲機(jī)械還有油菜收獲機(jī)670臺，主要在江南和四川；葵花收獲機(jī)58臺，在內(nèi)蒙古。
 
　　2、2022年油料作物收獲機(jī)械省區(qū)分布
 
　　2022年補(bǔ)貼油料作物收獲機(jī)械最多的省區(qū)為河南省，高達(dá)21529臺，占我國補(bǔ)貼總量的79.73%；其次為遼寧省2169臺，第三為河北省1263臺；其他超過400臺的省區(qū)還有湖北省、青島市和山東省。
 
2022年各省區(qū)油料作物收獲機(jī)械補(bǔ)貼品種與數(shù)量
 
　　四、油料作物收獲機(jī)目前現(xiàn)狀及未來發(fā)展方向
 
　　從目前補(bǔ)貼的油料作物收獲機(jī)械品種來看，主要為花生收獲機(jī)，而花生收獲機(jī)中占比較大的為花生挖掘收獲機(jī)，另外就是花生撿拾聯(lián)合收割機(jī)占有相當(dāng)比例。因此，目前花生收獲采用的主要為分段收獲方式，即先用花生挖掘機(jī)將花生從土里挖出來，經(jīng)晾曬再用花生撿拾聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)收獲。這種方式，雖然得到目前農(nóng)民的認(rèn)可，主要是因?yàn)槟壳盎ㄉ?lián)合收獲機(jī)只能收獲一兩行，收獲效率比較低，而且產(chǎn)品技術(shù)還不是很成熟。
 
　　從長遠(yuǎn)看，花生分段收獲增加了機(jī)械進(jìn)地次數(shù)，收獲延續(xù)時間比較長，效率比較低。因此，一次進(jìn)地完成花生收獲的高效花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)是未來發(fā)展方向。建議有關(guān)企業(yè)和科研單位聯(lián)合攻關(guān)，解決多行收獲和高效智能等問題，在花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)上取得突破。
 
　　另外，我國為解決大豆進(jìn)口替代等問題，正在鼓勵擴(kuò)大大豆種植面積，并且大力推廣玉米大豆間作套種。因此，大豆收獲機(jī)將會受到農(nóng)民用戶青睞，會迎來發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

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