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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部通報9家企業(yè)17個型號谷物聯(lián)合收割機質(zhì)量滿意度調(diào)查情況!

2023-03-16 09:45:27 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部 閱讀量:14507 評論

導(dǎo)讀:2022年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司組織對部分在用收割小麥的谷物聯(lián)合收割機(以下簡稱“小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C”)進行了質(zhì)量調(diào)查,現(xiàn)將調(diào)查情況通報如下。

  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司關(guān)于通報用于收割小麥的谷物聯(lián)合收割機質(zhì)量調(diào)查情況的函
 
  各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市及計劃單列市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村(農(nóng)牧)廳(局、委),新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局,北大荒農(nóng)墾集團有限公司,廣東省農(nóng)墾總局,各有關(guān)農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè):
 
  依據(jù)《中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化促進法》和《農(nóng)業(yè)機械質(zhì)量調(diào)查辦法》(農(nóng)業(yè)部令第69號),2022年,我司組織對部分在用收割小麥的谷物聯(lián)合收割機(以下簡稱“小麥收割機”)進行了質(zhì)量調(diào)查,現(xiàn)將調(diào)查情況通報如下。
 
  一、基本情況
 
  本次調(diào)查范圍為河北、山西、江蘇、安徽、山東、湖北、四川、甘肅、新疆等9個小麥主產(chǎn)地區(qū)。調(diào)查產(chǎn)品從2019年或2020年銷售、享受農(nóng)機購置補貼且使用滿一個作業(yè)季節(jié)的小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C中選取。共調(diào)查了9家企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的17個型號1000個產(chǎn)品,每個型號產(chǎn)品調(diào)查數(shù)量由當(dāng)年銷售市場占比確定。調(diào)查采取用戶滿意度評價的方法進行,由用戶對其使用的小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C安全性、可靠性、適用性以及售后服務(wù)狀況(以下簡稱“三性一狀況”)4項內(nèi)容分別進行滿意度評價。調(diào)查人員通過現(xiàn)場詢問、查驗、取證后,按評價方法計算得出相應(yīng)型號產(chǎn)品“三性一狀況”的單項滿意度和綜合滿意度評價分值。滿意度評價分5檔:[90,100]為“很滿意”,[75,90)為“滿意”,[60,75)為“一般”,[40,60)為“不滿意”,[0,40)為“很不滿意”。
 
  二、調(diào)查結(jié)果
 
  調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,用戶對小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C總體滿意度評價得分為83.31分,屬于“滿意”檔次。對“三性一狀況”中單項滿意度平均得分分別為:安全性85.56分、適用性84.44分、可靠性82.87分、售后服務(wù)狀況78.73分,均屬于“滿意”檔次,表明用戶對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量總體認(rèn)可,但售后服務(wù)狀況還有較大提升空間。
 
  小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C質(zhì)量調(diào)查用戶評分情況詳見表1、表2。
 
  表1 2022年小麥聯(lián)合收割機質(zhì)量調(diào)查用戶滿意度評分表(輪式)

  表2  2022年小麥聯(lián)合收割機質(zhì)量調(diào)查用戶滿意度評分表(履帶式)
 

 

  三、發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題
 
  從調(diào)查情況看,小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C質(zhì)量狀況整體能夠滿足我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的實際需要,但也存在一些需要重視的問題。
 
  (一)安全性問題。主要表現(xiàn)為部分產(chǎn)品危險部位安全標(biāo)志缺失;安全防護部件拆卸情況比較突出,有55.9%的被調(diào)查機具存在傳動(運動)件或發(fā)熱部件防護罩被擅自拆卸的現(xiàn)象;加裝、改造產(chǎn)品部件現(xiàn)象較為普遍,有53%的被調(diào)查機具存在此種現(xiàn)象。
 
  (二)可靠性問題。被調(diào)查機具使用過程中,故障發(fā)生頻次高低依次為:1.脫粒系統(tǒng)故障。籽粒升運器和雜余升運器斷損、脫粒滾筒損壞、籽粒輸送螺旋(糧箱內(nèi))斷損、魚鱗篩片脫落、卸糧螺旋軸損壞等。2.發(fā)動機系統(tǒng)故障。發(fā)動機拉缸、油底殼破裂、發(fā)動機過熱、發(fā)動機三漏等。3.行走底盤系統(tǒng)故障。橡膠履帶斷裂、變速主傳動箱齒輪損壞、導(dǎo)向輪軸承損壞、支重輪漏油等。嚴(yán)重故障、致命故障主要發(fā)生在上述3個系統(tǒng)。
 
  (三)適用性問題。21.5%的機手對小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C作業(yè)的倒伏作物收獲、作業(yè)收獲損失、作物收獲含雜等情況表示“一般”或“不滿意”。
 
  (四)售后服務(wù)問題。售后服務(wù)為此次調(diào)查評分項中得分最低,反映出部分企業(yè)售后服務(wù)投入資源不足,零部件提供渠道不暢,維修能力不足等問題,造成處理用戶的維修訴求不及時、維修質(zhì)量不高、售后服務(wù)體驗較差。
 
  四、原因分析
 
  針對存在的問題,經(jīng)調(diào)查分析,主要原因為:
 
  (一)安全性方面。一是安全標(biāo)志本身材質(zhì)或背膠質(zhì)量較差、固定方式不可靠或粘貼在易磨損部位等造成標(biāo)志脫落、不夠清晰。二是防護裝置拆卸安裝復(fù)雜,維修保養(yǎng)機具不便。
 
  (二)可靠性方面。一是部分企業(yè)對產(chǎn)品的外購?fù)鈪f(xié)零部件質(zhì)量把關(guān)不嚴(yán)。二是部分企業(yè)對機手的培訓(xùn)不夠重視,造成機手駕駛操作與維護調(diào)校技能不足。
 
  (三)適用性方面。部分企業(yè)設(shè)計和驗證能力方面存在欠缺,面對惡劣條件或復(fù)雜作業(yè)情況,機具性能還不能完全適應(yīng)。
 
  (四)售后服務(wù)方面。一是重視程度不夠。生產(chǎn)企業(yè)只關(guān)注產(chǎn)品銷售,忽視了售后服務(wù)環(huán)節(jié)。二是維修能力供不足需。售后服務(wù)受人才、資金、規(guī)模等因素的影響,造成維修慢、維修難等問題,影響用戶體驗。
 
  針對此次質(zhì)量調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,我司將向所涉及的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)發(fā)送一對一整改通知。生產(chǎn)企業(yè)要按照整改通知的要求,針對問題逐條提出整改舉措并抓緊落實到位,涉及產(chǎn)品研發(fā)設(shè)計等需要在將來整體解決的,要提出改進思路舉措并在今后的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計制造中予以落實。整改期3個月,整改結(jié)果及研發(fā)改進舉措需經(jīng)企業(yè)所在省(區(qū))農(nóng)機化主管部門確認(rèn)。
 
  各有關(guān)省(區(qū))農(nóng)機化主管部門要結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)機械推廣鑒定證書、標(biāo)志使用情況及產(chǎn)品一致性等監(jiān)督管理要求,組織督導(dǎo)轄區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)按時做好整改工作,并將整改結(jié)果報送我司。
 
  企業(yè)收到整改通知后拒不整改或逾期達不到整改要求的,農(nóng)機鑒定機構(gòu)要按照有關(guān)規(guī)定注銷該產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)業(yè)機械推廣鑒定證書。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司
 
  2023年3月13日
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