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春季拖拉機(jī)如何保養(yǎng)維護(hù)？

2022-04-06 17:28:08 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：37627 評論

導(dǎo)讀：春季溫度剛剛回升，農(nóng)機(jī)金屬部件脆性較強(qiáng)，農(nóng)機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)一定要按規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保養(yǎng)。在使用前要全面清理，做好潤滑、調(diào)整、緊固等項(xiàng)工作，避免冬天農(nóng)機(jī)長時(shí)間閑置帶來的不同零部件間出現(xiàn)的松動(dòng)和澀滯，以確保機(jī)具以良好的技術(shù)狀態(tài)投入作業(yè)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 當(dāng)前，全國由南向北已進(jìn)入春耕春播階段，拖拉機(jī)是使用頻率較高的基礎(chǔ)性農(nóng)機(jī)裝備，經(jīng)過一冬天的“休眠”，春耕開啟后便進(jìn)入了農(nóng)忙階段。做好技術(shù)保養(yǎng)工作，可以減緩各零部件技術(shù)狀態(tài)惡化的速度，減少故障，延長使用壽命，確保拖拉機(jī)經(jīng)常在良好的狀態(tài)下工作
 
　　春季溫度剛剛回升，農(nóng)機(jī)金屬部件脆性較強(qiáng)，農(nóng)機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)一定要按規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保養(yǎng)。在使用前要全面清理，做好潤滑、調(diào)整、緊固等項(xiàng)工作，避免冬天農(nóng)機(jī)長時(shí)間閑置帶來的不同零部件間出現(xiàn)的松動(dòng)和澀滯，以確保機(jī)具以良好的技術(shù)狀態(tài)投入作業(yè)。
 

 

　　1.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空轉(zhuǎn)磨合
 
　　按說明書規(guī)定的順序啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)按照低速、中速、高速的順序，即由小油門、中油門、大油門，依次各運(yùn)行5分鐘。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空轉(zhuǎn)磨合過程中，應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、空氣壓縮機(jī)、液壓油泵的工作狀況，觀察有無異?，F(xiàn)象及聲響，檢查有無漏水、漏油和漏氣現(xiàn)象，儀表是否正常工作。當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有不正常現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)立即停車，排除故障后重新進(jìn)行磨合。
 
　　2.動(dòng)力輸出軸空載磨合
 
　　將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油門操縱手柄置于中油門位置，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以中速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，分別使動(dòng)力輸出軸以低速、高速各運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)5分鐘，檢查有無異?，F(xiàn)象。磨合后須使動(dòng)力輸出軸處于空擋位置。
 
　　3.拖拉機(jī)空駛及負(fù)荷磨合
 
　　當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空轉(zhuǎn)磨合，動(dòng)力輸出軸及液壓系統(tǒng)磨合后，確認(rèn)拖拉機(jī)的技術(shù)狀態(tài)正常時(shí)，方可進(jìn)行整機(jī)磨合，其磨合順序和時(shí)間按說明書中的規(guī)定進(jìn)行，總計(jì)磨合60小時(shí)。當(dāng)空駛磨合時(shí)，應(yīng)在低速下進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)彎操作并適當(dāng)使用單邊制動(dòng)器，在高速下試驗(yàn)緊急制動(dòng)?？振偰ズ虾螅谕侠瓩C(jī)技術(shù)狀態(tài)完全正常時(shí)方可進(jìn)行負(fù)荷磨合，負(fù)荷磨合時(shí)負(fù)荷必須由小到大、擋位由低到高，逐擋進(jìn)行。
 
　　4.液壓系統(tǒng)磨合
 
　　啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，將油門放在中油門位置運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，操縱分配器手柄，升降懸掛機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)次，觀察有無異?，F(xiàn)象。然后在懸掛機(jī)構(gòu)掛上質(zhì)量約500——800千克重物或質(zhì)量相當(dāng)?shù)霓r(nóng)具，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在大油門位置下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，操縱分配器手柄，使懸掛機(jī)構(gòu)能全行程上升與下降，反復(fù)不少于20次。檢查液壓懸掛機(jī)構(gòu)能否固定在高位置或所需位置、升降時(shí)間及有無滲漏現(xiàn)象。在拖拉機(jī)靜止情況下，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以低、中、高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，平穩(wěn)地向左及向右操縱方向盤各10次，觀察拖拉機(jī)左右轉(zhuǎn)向情況，聲音是否正常，操縱方向盤是否輕便、平穩(wěn)。磨合過程中若發(fā)現(xiàn)故障，應(yīng)及時(shí)分析原因并排除。
 
　　5、冷卻系統(tǒng)：寒冷地區(qū)重點(diǎn)檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是否有凍傷，特別是年前發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)未放水，或者未加防凍液的車，要仔細(xì)查看發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)體水堵、放水開關(guān)、機(jī)油散熱器等處是否有凍裂跡象。如正常，則加注軟水至水箱口平齊，靜置一小時(shí)，看水位有無變化。如水位有下降，則需要查找原因。如無下降，則正常，注意不能加容易產(chǎn)生水垢的井水和自來水。
 
　　6、電路系統(tǒng)。啟動(dòng)、照明、儀表的電路應(yīng)正常，所有電氣附件的絕緣部分，不得有漏電、短路等現(xiàn)象。寒冷地區(qū)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷起動(dòng)裝置應(yīng)能工作正常。
 
　　察看蓄電池觀察孔：綠色為電池電量充足；黑色為電量不滿；白色為電池基本無電。蓄電池觀察孔出現(xiàn)黑色顯示時(shí)需進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充充電；觀察孔出現(xiàn)白色顯示時(shí)需更換蓄電池。在蓄電池電量不足時(shí)，要先用蓄電池額定電流的十分之一充電。
 
　　在鉛酸電池充電時(shí)，電解液液面高度與刻線平齊或高出隔板10～15毫米，要打開加液塞，以防出氣孔堵塞，蓄電池因氣壓過高而爆炸。充電完成后，單體蓄電池電壓應(yīng)在13伏左右。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，資料來源于遼寧省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳及網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

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