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【冬至話題】吃餃子離不開(kāi)面粉，關(guān)于小麥你知道多少？

2021-12-21 17:55:12 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：57342 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：小麥?zhǔn)俏覈?guó)重要的糧食品種，尤其在北方地區(qū)，是主要的主食來(lái)源，種植面積和產(chǎn)量也非常大。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 今天是二十四節(jié)氣之一的“冬至”，在北方有餃子的習(xí)俗。吃餃子離不開(kāi)面粉，面粉離不開(kāi)小麥。今天來(lái)聊一聊主要糧食之一的小麥。
 

 

　　小麥?zhǔn)俏覈?guó)重要的糧食品種，尤其在北方地區(qū)，是主要的主食來(lái)源，種植面積和產(chǎn)量也非常大。俗話說(shuō)“手中有糧，心中不慌”，小麥產(chǎn)量關(guān)系糧食安全大局。根據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局最新發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)，2021年全國(guó)小麥種植面積為3.54億畝，比上年增加283萬(wàn)畝，增長(zhǎng)0.8%；小麥單產(chǎn)387公斤/畝，每畝產(chǎn)量比上年增加4.6公斤，增長(zhǎng)1.2%；小麥總產(chǎn)量2739億斤，比上年增加54億斤，增長(zhǎng)2.0%。此外，筆者整理了近5年的小麥產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)，如下圖。
 

 

　　小麥單產(chǎn)提高，離不開(kāi)育種科技的發(fā)展。我們知道種業(yè)對(duì)糧食安全有著重要意義，國(guó)家大力提倡“種業(yè)振興”，打好種業(yè)翻身仗是十四五時(shí)期的任務(wù)之一。在小麥種子上，近年來(lái)，國(guó)家小麥良種聯(lián)合攻關(guān)在優(yōu)質(zhì)專(zhuān)用、耐旱節(jié)水、抗赤霉病和養(yǎng)分高效利用的小麥品種選育工作已顯現(xiàn)成效，這對(duì)提高小麥產(chǎn)量、保障糧食安全有著重要作用。
 
　　受今年秋季極端天氣影響，今年的秋種受到一定影響，而冬小麥播種面積和質(zhì)量直接決定明年夏糧生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)。此前，河北省印發(fā)緊急通知，要求各地各部門(mén)充分認(rèn)識(shí)做好冬小麥播種的現(xiàn)實(shí)緊迫性和極端重要性，搶抓當(dāng)前有利天氣時(shí)機(jī)，千方百計(jì)完成播種任務(wù)，確保冬小麥播種面積穩(wěn)定，決定對(duì)11月14日及以后播種冬小麥，每畝給予150元補(bǔ)助。
 
　　除小麥產(chǎn)量外，廣大農(nóng)民最關(guān)心的就是小麥價(jià)格。今年受多重因素影響，小麥價(jià)格較受關(guān)注，上半年漲幅稍大，下半年多有波動(dòng)/今年上半年，小麥價(jià)格上漲明顯，引發(fā)廣泛關(guān)注，下半年多有波動(dòng)。下圖為近4年全國(guó)小麥?zhǔn)召?gòu)價(jià)。
 

 

　　提到小麥就不得不提到小麥收割機(jī)。據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部數(shù)據(jù)，2020年小麥機(jī)收率達(dá)到97%。下面簡(jiǎn)單介紹幾款小麥(聯(lián)合)收獲機(jī)：
 
　　東方紅4LZ-9(YT9909)谷物聯(lián)合收割機(jī)
 
　　東方紅4LZ-9(YT9909)型谷物聯(lián)合收割機(jī)是精心研制開(kāi)發(fā)的一款大型聯(lián)合收割機(jī)，針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)水稻等作物的種植特點(diǎn)，采用切流式脫粒滾筒加板齒式縱向雙軸流分離滾筒的結(jié)構(gòu)，特別適合高產(chǎn)量，青桿潮濕水稻收割作業(yè)。該機(jī)型的脫粒、分離性能強(qiáng)，谷物的破碎率低。以收獲水稻、小麥為主，更換相應(yīng)功能部件后還可收獲大豆等作物，真實(shí)的實(shí)現(xiàn)了一機(jī)多用，同時(shí)頗高的作業(yè)性能是收獲種子地的理想機(jī)型。
 
　　中聯(lián)農(nóng)機(jī)谷王極光TB80小麥?zhǔn)崭顧C(jī)
 
　　一、作業(yè)高效 可靠性高
 
　　1、匹配名優(yōu)165馬力高壓共軌發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；
 
　　2、920mm加寬過(guò)橋，喂入暢快、高效；
 
　　3、加寬籽粒升運(yùn)器，增強(qiáng)輸送能力；
 
　　4、300L油箱，滿足一天作業(yè)需求；
 
　　5、三軸外嚙合閉式邊減，適應(yīng)性好；
 
　　6、加強(qiáng)型擺環(huán)箱和卸糧齒輪箱，更耐用。
 
　　二、性能優(yōu)越 一機(jī)多用
 
　　1、組合式脫粒滾筒，脫粒分離更徹底；
 
　　2、更換專(zhuān)用附件，可實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米籽粒、谷子、大豆等作物收獲；
 
　　3、高位卸糧或嵌入式卸糧筒，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。
 
　　三、操作簡(jiǎn)便 駕駛舒適
 
　　1、空調(diào)駕駛室，人機(jī)工程優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，防塵、減震、降噪，駕駛舒適；
 
　　2、多功能單手柄操縱，便捷舒適；
 
　　3、液壓主離合，操縱更省力；
 
　　4、搭載物聯(lián)網(wǎng)智能終端，服務(wù)更高效。
 
　　約翰迪爾C120聯(lián)合收割機(jī)
 
　　約翰迪爾C120聯(lián)合收割機(jī)，作業(yè)效率高，作業(yè)效果好，性能優(yōu)良，歷久彌新。采用CTS技術(shù)釘齒脫粒滾筒+柵格凹板和縱軸流桿齒式分離滾筒的結(jié)構(gòu)。收割水稻時(shí)，分離損失率低，糧食破碎率低。水稻破碎率**優(yōu)可達(dá)0.5%，比前代產(chǎn)品降低了50%。新設(shè)計(jì)的縱向軸流桿齒分離滾筒和凹板結(jié)構(gòu)，分離空間更大，標(biāo)定喂入量達(dá)到 9 公斤 / 秒，收割效率高且效果好。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)配有平衡軸，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)，振動(dòng)小， 故障率低，可靠性高。靜液壓行走驅(qū)動(dòng)，操作簡(jiǎn)便。減輕駕駛員的疲勞強(qiáng)度，提高作業(yè)效率。更換相應(yīng)附件，可輕松應(yīng)對(duì)小麥、大豆和玉米籽粒等作物的收獲需求。一機(jī)多用，提高了投資回報(bào)率。

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