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【今日寒露】寒露主要前后農(nóng)事活動指南

2021-10-08 11:06:36 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：29502 評論

導(dǎo)讀：今日是寒露節(jié)氣，是二十四節(jié)氣中第一個帶“寒”字的節(jié)氣，也是一個反映氣候變化特征的節(jié)氣。對于農(nóng)戶們來說，寒露的到來，也意味著農(nóng)事活動的改變，由于氣溫降低，這一時期的農(nóng)事活動也是非常關(guān)鍵的。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 今日是寒露節(jié)氣，是二十四節(jié)氣中第一個帶“寒”字的節(jié)氣，也是一個反映氣候變化特征的節(jié)氣。對于農(nóng)戶們來說，寒露的到來，也意味著農(nóng)事活動的改變，由于氣溫降低，這一時期的農(nóng)事活動也是非常關(guān)鍵的。
 
　　寒露后，如有強冷空氣南下，南方容易出現(xiàn)氣溫低、風(fēng)力大的寒露風(fēng)天氣。這種天氣會給雙季晚稻帶來很大的危害。寒露時節(jié)，北方應(yīng)播種完小麥，不宜再遲，以免減產(chǎn)。南方應(yīng)適時播油菜、種蠶豆等。此時正值晚稻抽穗灌漿期，要繼續(xù)加強田間管理，做到淺水勤灌，干干濕濕，以濕為主，切忌后期斷水過早。
 
　　蔬菜
 
　　寒露后有利于秋季蔬菜生長，是冬春棚菜地力培育和育苗有利時期，也有各種病蟲害發(fā)生與危害，應(yīng)安排好以下幾項蔬菜農(nóng)事：
 
　　1、加強田間管理
 
　　種植葉菜類、瓜類和茄瓜類，應(yīng)加強田間管理，灌水、防旱，追施肥料，促進生長，噴施無公害農(nóng)藥防治病蟲害，及時采收，供應(yīng)市場。
 
　　2、培育地力
 
　　利用晴好天氣，翻種棚菜田園，暴曬、風(fēng)化土壤，施用有機肥，噴施土壤消毒劑，殺菌滅蟲，提高肥力。
 
　　3、新菜園區(qū)，可增添鋼管大棚和竹棚，逐漸擴大蔬菜保護地種植面積。
 
　　4、大棚的更新和維修
 
　　老菜區(qū)已使用數(shù)年的竹棚如嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，務(wù)必進行重新更新。以提高冬春菜棚防凍保溫功能。
 
　　5、冬春棚菜苗及管理
 
　　是冬春棚菜育苗時期，應(yīng)做好購種、種子處理、消毒、浸種催芽工作。
 
　　6、病蟲害發(fā)生與防治
 
　?、湃~菜類蔬菜病蟲害防治。主要有跳甲、小菜蛾、蚜蟲、斜紋夜蛾等害蟲。大白菜干燒心病、軟腐病、病毒病、根腫病、霜霉菌等病害發(fā)生。
 
　?、魄锛径诡惒∠x害防治。豆類主要有潛葉蠅、豆野螟、煤霉病、銹病、枯萎病等病蟲害發(fā)生，應(yīng)做好防治工作。
 
　?、歉Y(jié)線蟲病和黃萎病的防治。種植和育苗的茄子、番茄、黃瓜、芹菜等可能遭受根結(jié)線蟲病危害。
 
　　經(jīng)濟作物
 
　　1、寒露是播種冬小麥的好時節(jié)。常言道：“寒露種小麥,種一碗,收一斗”，“晚種一天，少收一石”。寒露種麥要搶時早播，達(dá)到出苗“勻、齊、壯”，若寒露氣溫低，光照不足，則需要在小麥三葉期適當(dāng)澆水追肥，促進分蘗，保證冬小麥有足夠的根系;反之，要適當(dāng)鋤劃松，防止小麥因過快生長而不能安全越冬。
 
　　2、要及時采摘棉花。只要天氣允許，要盡快在霜前采摘棉花，以防棉花遭霜打而降低質(zhì)量，造成減產(chǎn)。
 
　　3、全年茶葉采摘基本進入尾聲，茶園做好深耕結(jié)合施基肥。還在采摘的茶園，病蟲害以小綠葉蟬和螨類為主，可以進行適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)防。
 
　　果樹
 
　　1、柑桔
 
　?、胖型砥贩N及時施好采前肥。
 
　?、浦型砥贩N抹除晚秋梢。特早熟品種采后及時疏剪細(xì)弱技，短截粗壯結(jié)果枝。
 
　?、亲ズ眉t蜘蛛、銹壁虱、粉虱等害蟲的防治，山地果園做好吸果夜蛾的防治，并注意潰瘍病和炭疽病的防治。
 
　?、茸龊迷缡炱贩N的采收和采后施肥。
 
　　2、楊梅
 
　　⑴因地制宜進行楊梅園深翻改土工作。深翻深度30-40公分,結(jié)合改土，將草皮、雜草壓埋土中。
 
　　⑵繼續(xù)防治大蓑蛾與病害。
 
　?、抢^續(xù)注意臺風(fēng)侵害，臺風(fēng)過后，應(yīng)對斷枝及時進行疏剪，扶直植株并在根際培土，使之及早恢復(fù)樹勢。
 
　?、雀愫眯掳l(fā)展楊梅園的規(guī)劃基礎(chǔ)建設(shè).園地宜選擇交通方便，土層深厚肥沃，土壤微酸性或中性的陰坡或半陰坡(東北坡)種植。緩坡山地應(yīng)開筑3-4米寬的梯地，陡坡山地可采用挖魚鱗坑的方法栽植，但均應(yīng)挖穴施足基肥。
 
　　3、枇杷
 
　　繼續(xù)施好花前肥，做好疏蕾、疏花、樹干涂白、清園、防凍等工作的勞動力安排和物資準(zhǔn)備。
 
　　4、桃
 
　　晚熟品種繼續(xù)施基肥。新建果園做好建園準(zhǔn)備。
 
　　5、葡萄
 
　　以施基肥為重點，做好發(fā)展新葡萄園的準(zhǔn)備工作。
 
　　6、梨
 
　　以繼續(xù)保持最大葉面積和最佳光合效能中心，施好根外追肥，重施采后越冬基肥，加強軍配蟲等為害葉片的害蟲防治工作。防止落葉太早而誘發(fā)二次開花，影響次年花量和產(chǎn)量。制訂冬季修剪方案和明年的生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

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