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江蘇蘇州吳中區(qū)無人機(jī)突破丘陵茶樹植保高難度

2021-01-18 08:59:11 來源：江蘇省蘇州市吳中區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)推廣站 閱讀量：21710 評論

導(dǎo)讀：以無人機(jī)作為載體，對茶園果園進(jìn)行實(shí)時監(jiān)控和病蟲害的處理，具有作業(yè)靈活、起降無需跑道，可適應(yīng)地形復(fù)雜的地形，因此無人機(jī)可以很好的應(yīng)用在茶園果園的病蟲害的治理中。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 江蘇省蘇州市吳中區(qū)茶果主要種植在山地坡地上，之前大多農(nóng)戶都以人工噴灑農(nóng)藥為主，無人機(jī)植保行業(yè)未開拓，且茶樹、果樹多種植于山坡兩側(cè)，地形環(huán)境復(fù)雜，種植不均，高度不一，人工噴灑效率低，存在漏噴的現(xiàn)象，這些都是病蟲害防治的主要難題。以無人機(jī)作為載體，對茶園果園進(jìn)行實(shí)時監(jiān)控和病蟲害的處理，具有作業(yè)靈活、起降無需跑道，可適應(yīng)地形復(fù)雜的地形，因此無人機(jī)可以很好的應(yīng)用在茶園果園的病蟲害的治理中。
 
　　但這對于無人機(jī)飛防植保的應(yīng)用提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)，主要是坡地條件對于無人機(jī)的飛行路線的規(guī)劃具有一定難度。近來，吳中區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)推廣站聯(lián)合陸舍農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)專業(yè)合作社，在金庭茶園進(jìn)行無人機(jī)茶樹植保試驗(yàn)，此試驗(yàn)基于三維重建技術(shù)和圖像視覺技術(shù)，利用多旋翼無人機(jī)采集茶園實(shí)時影像，其飛行平衡、抗擾行強(qiáng)，通過人工智能算法，重構(gòu)茶園坡地三維場景，并精準(zhǔn)識別茶樹位置，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)坡地條件下的無人機(jī)自動路徑規(guī)劃和飛防植保。如遇茶樹行距為兩米，呈等高線規(guī)整分布的情況，可在軟件內(nèi)將飛行軌跡定位于茶樹樹心以等高線為航線連續(xù)噴灑飛行。如茶樹分布零散且不均勻，可采用定點(diǎn)噴灑設(shè)置每株噴灑用量噴灑，如遇較為高大的樹也可用定點(diǎn)持續(xù)噴灑加強(qiáng)藥物滲透保證藥效。
 
　　此試驗(yàn)取得了顯著的成效，主要體現(xiàn)在三方面：
 
　　一是經(jīng)濟(jì)效益： 就勞動力成本，人工每日可作業(yè)茶樹的規(guī)模是10畝每人單價200元。然而利用無人機(jī)每日可以對茶樹噴灑農(nóng)藥的范圍180畝左右。而無人機(jī)植保的價格為15元/畝，無人機(jī)噴灑的農(nóng)藥量比人工噴灑的農(nóng)藥量可節(jié)省約30%，時間成本可節(jié)約4.5倍，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高，可以為農(nóng)戶節(jié)約種植成本，提高利潤率。
 
　　二是社會效益：無人機(jī)植保可大大緩解目前勞動力欠缺、老齡化嚴(yán)重等問題，年齡偏大勞動力不宜上山作業(yè)、人藥分離的作業(yè)模式，均降低了作業(yè)者的人身安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
 
　　三是生態(tài)效益： 無人機(jī)植保的方式減少了藥物噴灑量，提高藥液使用率，降低農(nóng)藥的污染，響應(yīng)綠色防控號召，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，智能化發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)化農(nóng)業(yè)，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

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