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市場上農(nóng)機(jī)具五花八門不會選？廣東省農(nóng)機(jī)質(zhì)量調(diào)查情況或具參考意義

2020-03-17 19:28:59 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：27552 評論

導(dǎo)讀：2018年至2019年，廣東省組織各級農(nóng)機(jī)化主管部門和廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗鑒定站獲得廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械推廣鑒定證書在用拖拉機(jī)、水稻插秧機(jī)和甘蔗收獲機(jī)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了質(zhì)量跟蹤調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果對于接下來農(nóng)機(jī)具產(chǎn)品的選購或具一定參考意義。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】當(dāng)前，據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)中央財政農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼資金均已分配到縣，為農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策實(shí)施提供了資金保障。各省及時對農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施工作進(jìn)行部署安排，加大對防疫消殺和農(nóng)作物病蟲害防治急需的植保無人飛機(jī)、噴桿噴霧機(jī)等機(jī)具補(bǔ)貼力度。
 
　　為支持農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)做好生產(chǎn)儲備，目前農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)主要整機(jī)和零部件企業(yè)也基本實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械市場需求量巨大，但同時，對農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的擔(dān)憂也是困擾著農(nóng)戶的一大問題。2018年至2019年，廣東省組織各級農(nóng)機(jī)化主管部門和廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗鑒定站獲得廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械推廣鑒定證書在用拖拉機(jī)、水稻插秧機(jī)和甘蔗收獲機(jī)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了質(zhì)量跟蹤調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果對于接下來農(nóng)機(jī)具產(chǎn)品的選購或具一定參考意義。
 
　　調(diào)查范圍
 
　　調(diào)查由用戶對某型號產(chǎn)品安全性、可靠性、適用性以及售后服務(wù)狀況(以下簡稱“三性一狀況”)進(jìn)行滿意度評價。涉及調(diào)查市、縣近50個，生產(chǎn)企業(yè)14家、產(chǎn)品型號48個，調(diào)查用戶達(dá)640多戶。
 
　　調(diào)查結(jié)果
 
　　拖拉機(jī)總體評價。“三性一狀況”評價分別為：85.2分、78.9分，81.8分和79.4分，綜合評分為81.3分。用戶對拖拉機(jī)的安全性比較滿意，可靠性和售后服務(wù)狀況基本滿意，綜合評價均為滿意。
 
　　水稻插秧機(jī)總體評價。“三性一狀況”評價得分分別為87.9、84.3、87.1、85.6，綜合評分達(dá)到86.2分，沒有發(fā)生安全生產(chǎn)事故，出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量投訴1次。同比2016年調(diào)查同類機(jī)型評價分別提高了0.6、18.6、19.8、27.8個百分點(diǎn)，總體綜合得分提高了15.8個百分點(diǎn)，質(zhì)量投訴大幅下降，用戶評價總體達(dá)到滿意。
 
　　甘蔗收獲機(jī)總體評價。“三性一狀況”評價得分分別為82.0、77.6、76.9、79.2，綜合評分78.9分，結(jié)果顯示調(diào)查的甘蔗收獲機(jī)整體質(zhì)量除安全性為滿意外，其余評價為一般，且總體綜合評價未達(dá)到滿意程度。
 
　　主要問題
 
　　安全性方面。拖拉機(jī)的一些安全標(biāo)識安裝不夠牢固容易脫落；水稻插秧機(jī)的一些行走系統(tǒng)、操縱桿等部分安全操作標(biāo)識粘貼不牢固，因碰刮或摩擦易脫落和損壞。部份甘蔗收獲機(jī)的行走系統(tǒng)、切梢系統(tǒng)和操縱系統(tǒng)等部分安全操作標(biāo)識粘貼不牢固，因作業(yè)時被碰刮或摩擦易脫落和損壞。
 
　　可靠性方面。拖拉機(jī)主要是：時有出現(xiàn)發(fā)動機(jī)動力不足、啟動器易受潮、水箱爆裂漏水、離合器分離不徹底或失靈、掛檔難、跳檔、液壓系統(tǒng)和變速箱漏油，個別還出現(xiàn)前輪轉(zhuǎn)向桿斷裂等多種故障。水稻插秧機(jī)主要是秧針易斷裂、耐磨性差，密封件易漏油，一些秧盤等塑料部件易老化容易損壞開裂、傳動軸承易磨損，發(fā)動機(jī)啟動性能不穩(wěn)定。甘蔗收獲機(jī)主要是行走齒輪、軸承、扶蔗部件、液壓系統(tǒng)和鏈條等零部件質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，時有損壞和磨損現(xiàn)象，通道管容易堵塞、排出管材質(zhì)薄、磨損快等。
 
　　適用性方面。水稻插秧機(jī)存在個別品牌機(jī)型的整機(jī)重心偏高、易出現(xiàn)翻車，汽油機(jī)型比柴油機(jī)型適應(yīng)性差，插植裝置的螺絲選配不當(dāng)、易卡秧或拴草等。甘蔗收獲機(jī)適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?地形、作物、倒伏)作業(yè)環(huán)境情況一般，機(jī)具重心較低、底刀調(diào)整較困難，損失和含雜問題較為突出等。
 
　　售后服務(wù)狀況。一是在夏種插秧繁忙時，拖拉機(jī)和水稻插秧機(jī)部分企業(yè)和經(jīng)銷商售后服務(wù)不及時，質(zhì)量保障能力較弱，產(chǎn)品配件供應(yīng)不足，對山區(qū)或一些居住偏遠(yuǎn)用戶，售后服務(wù)問題較為突顯。二是經(jīng)銷商多為二級經(jīng)銷商，經(jīng)營規(guī)模和形式各有不同，服務(wù)質(zhì)量良莠不齊，經(jīng)銷管理較亂，進(jìn)貨和銷售記錄不規(guī)范、簡單不全，業(yè)務(wù)管理、售后服務(wù)、財務(wù)等管理制度不健全。三是甘蔗收獲機(jī)維修服務(wù)人員不足，售后服務(wù)的及時性和服務(wù)人員的解決問題能力表現(xiàn)一般，售后服務(wù)點(diǎn)較少，配件供應(yīng)難以滿足作業(yè)需求。
 
　　用戶方面。拖拉機(jī)和水稻插秧機(jī)存在部份用戶存在“兩不一亂”現(xiàn)象。即，不看產(chǎn)品使用說明書。一些用戶看了也認(rèn)為看不懂，對產(chǎn)品性能了解只是“道聽途說”；不做保養(yǎng)。對機(jī)具使用完后不及時保養(yǎng)，或甚至半年不做維護(hù)保養(yǎng)，使機(jī)具泥漬、銹漬和油污斑斑；亂放。機(jī)具與雜物共存放，并在機(jī)具上堆滿重輕不一的各種雜物。甘蔗收獲機(jī)的一些用戶對機(jī)具維護(hù)保養(yǎng)和存放不夠重視。機(jī)器使用完后未及時進(jìn)行有效保養(yǎng)和清理，堆積泥土、蔗梢等雜物，甚至雜草叢生的現(xiàn)象。一些機(jī)具因露天存放，導(dǎo)致料箱內(nèi)長期積雨水，引發(fā)銹蝕。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗鑒定站，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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