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甘肅省2020年小麥條銹病和草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測防控方案
2020-02-14
09:45:19
來源:甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:14351
評論
導讀:按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部 “蟲口奪糧保豐收”的總體要求,樹牢防災減災意識,著眼保障全省糧食安全。堅持“預防為主,綜合防治”植保方針和“公共植保、綠色植?!崩砟?,建立“政府主導、屬地責任、聯(lián)防聯(lián)控”工作機制,突出小麥條銹病等重大病蟲、重點區(qū)域、關鍵環(huán)節(jié),大力推進專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治和聯(lián)防聯(lián)控,有效預防控制病蟲發(fā)生和蔓延危害,保障小麥生產(chǎn)安全。
【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 通知公告】 市(州)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、蘭州新區(qū)農(nóng)林水務局:
根據(jù)植保部門監(jiān)測調查,去年小麥條銹病秋苗發(fā)病較重,今年有偏重發(fā)生的可能。草地貪夜蛾已在我國南方部分省份定殖,目前已在華南、西南7省份100多個縣區(qū)發(fā)生近50萬畝,今年入侵我省的時間將會提前、遷入蟲量將會增加、危害將會加重,防控形勢嚴峻,防控任務艱巨。為加強監(jiān)測防控工作,我廳制定印發(fā)《2020年小麥條銹病監(jiān)測防控方案》和《2020年草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測防控方案》,請遵照執(zhí)行,及早安排部署,靠實工作責任,落實防控措施,將危害損失控制在5%以下。
甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳
2020年2月11日
附件1:
2020年小麥條銹病監(jiān)測防控方案
我省是全國小麥條銹病策源地和核心越夏區(qū),也是綜合治理的源頭區(qū)。為做好小麥條銹病監(jiān)測和防控工作,保障我省及全國小麥生產(chǎn)安全,特制定本方案。
一、指導思想
按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部 “蟲口奪糧保豐收”的總體要求,樹牢防災減災意識,著眼保障全省糧食安全。堅持“預防為主,綜合防治”植保方針和“公共植保、綠色植保”理念,建立“政府主導、屬地責任、聯(lián)防聯(lián)控”工作機制,突出小麥條銹病等重大病蟲、重點區(qū)域、關鍵環(huán)節(jié),大力推進專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治和聯(lián)防聯(lián)控,有效預防控制病蟲發(fā)生和蔓延危害,保障小麥生產(chǎn)安全。
二、目標任務
加強監(jiān)測預報,開展早春打點保面防治,適時組織開展流行期的統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治和群防群治,力爭發(fā)病田處置率達到85%以上,專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防覆蓋率達到40%以上,將條銹病危害損失率控制在5%以下。
三、技術措施
(一)準確監(jiān)測預報。根據(jù)冬前秋苗發(fā)病調查,小麥條銹病是近幾年發(fā)生較重的一年,加之高致病性條銹菌生理小種積累較多,冬季降雪較多,氣溫偏曖,氣候條件比較有利,今年我省小麥條銹病有偏重發(fā)生的可能,局部地方大流行的風險仍然存在。各地要高度重視,以冬麥區(qū)為重點區(qū)域,從2月中旬開始,嚴格執(zhí)行“三日一查、一周一報”制度,組織植保技術人員深入田間地頭,開展系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測和調查,準確掌握小麥條銹病發(fā)生為害動態(tài),科學研判發(fā)展趨勢,及時發(fā)布預報,把握關鍵區(qū)域和防控時機,指導開展防治。
(二)實施帶藥偵察。2-5月,各級植保(農(nóng)技)部門結合小麥條銹病系統(tǒng)調查和面上普查,進行帶藥偵察,發(fā)現(xiàn)一點防治一片,做好小麥條銹病的打點保面防治。當田間出現(xiàn)中心病株時,要發(fā)動群眾開展預防,遏制小麥條銹病擴散。當田間發(fā)病(普遍)率達2%時,要組織專業(yè)防治組織開展統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治,廣泛發(fā)動群眾開展群防群治,努力把小麥條銹病的流行遏制在初發(fā)階段。
(三)做好防控準備。各地要充分認識小麥條銹病流行危害的嚴重性和防控工作的重要性,及時向當?shù)卣块T做好匯報,爭取政府領導的高度重視和財政部門的大力支持,克服新冠肺炎疫情造成的影響,嚴格落實《甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳、甘肅省交通運輸廳、甘肅省公安廳關于確保“菜藍子”產(chǎn)品和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料正常流通秩序的緊急通知》(甘農(nóng)發(fā)[2020]2號)要求,根據(jù)病蟲發(fā)生情況和防治需求,積極調動貯備充足的應急防控農(nóng)藥和器械,并制訂防控預案,做好小麥條銹病等病蟲防治技術和物資準備。
(四)推進統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。利用中央和省級財政重大病蟲防控補助資金,積極扶持病蟲專業(yè)防治組織,探索完善政府購買防治服務模式和運行機制,開展農(nóng)作物重大病蟲害承包防治,提高防治效率和防治效果。防治藥劑可選擇20%三唑酮乳油商品量60~80毫升/畝,或12.5%烯唑醇可濕性粉劑20~30克/畝,或15%三唑酮可濕性粉劑100克/畝,或250克/升丙環(huán)唑乳油25~30毫升/畝,或5%己唑醇懸浮劑30~40毫升/畝,或30%醚菌酯懸浮劑50~70克/畝,兌水50千克均勻噴霧;重病田每隔7~10天噴1次,連噴2~3次。
(五)調整種植結構。根據(jù)當?shù)夭∠x發(fā)生危害情況,在小麥收獲后,提早謀劃冬小麥播種,采取穩(wěn)步推進的方式,以天水、隴南兩市為主,針對小麥條銹病發(fā)生重,海拔1600-1800米條銹病核越夏區(qū),逐步減少小麥種植,改種地膜玉米、馬鈴薯、油料、經(jīng)濟林果、中藥材等作物。
(六)藥劑拌種和秋苗防治。10月至11月初,采取示范引導與組織發(fā)動相結合的辦法,冬麥區(qū)重點縣(區(qū))在鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))設立拌種示范片,在村、組設立示范點,落實統(tǒng)一組織,統(tǒng)一供藥,統(tǒng)一技術,統(tǒng)一拌種的“四統(tǒng)一”拌種技術,力爭做到冬麥區(qū)藥劑拌種全覆蓋。秋苗發(fā)病后,要組織開展重點區(qū)域的防治,減輕病害發(fā)生程度,減少病原菌的外傳。
四、保障措施
(一)加強組織領導。各地要充分認識小麥條銹防控工作的重要性,切實增強防控工作的責任感和緊迫感。認真貫徹落實全國和全省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村系統(tǒng)應對新型冠狀病毒疫情暨春耕備耕工作視頻會議等有關會議精神,加強組織領導,細化工作方案,落實屬地責任。要積極爭取政府支持,強化行政推動作用,切實做到早監(jiān)測、早預警、早防控,有效防治小麥條銹病發(fā)生為害,力爭取得顯著成效。
(二)爭取財政支持。小麥條銹病具有暴發(fā)流行性危害的特點,要突出預防和早防。各地要積極爭取財政支持,多方籌措資金,貯備充足的應急防控器械和物資。要積極協(xié)調供銷、市場等部門,合理調配防控物資,確保調運渠道通暢,儲備充足,及時供應,保障大田應急防治工作開展,及時有效控制小麥條銹病發(fā)生為害。
(三)加強宣傳培訓。各地要充分利用電視、廣播、報刊、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、手機短信等,及時傳遞病蟲發(fā)生動態(tài)信息,大力開展防控技術培訓宣傳;關鍵農(nóng)時季節(jié),組織專家和技術干部深入田間地頭,召開現(xiàn)場會、舉辦農(nóng)民田間學校、發(fā)放明白紙、掛圖、小冊子等技術資料;積極開展農(nóng)作物病蟲害綜合防治社會化服務平臺服務,第一時間為服務對象提供病蟲發(fā)生及防治技術,提高技術普及率與到位率。
(四)加強督促指導。在病蟲防治的關鍵時期,各地要派出工作組,加強對小麥條銹病等病蟲防控工作的檢查指導,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,現(xiàn)場指導解決。對監(jiān)測不到位、責任不到位、防控不及時造成重大病蟲危害損失的要進行責任追究,確保各項防控工作落到實處、取得實效。
附件2:
2020年草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測防控方案
草地貪夜蛾是入侵我國的重大遷飛性農(nóng)業(yè)有害生物,目前已在我國南部地區(qū)定殖,今年入侵我省的時間將會提前,遷飛的蟲量將會增加,危害程度將會加重,防控形勢嚴峻,防控任務艱巨。為切實做好草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測和防控,全力保障我省糧食生產(chǎn)安全,特制定本方案。
一、指導思想
著眼保障全省糧食安全,樹牢防災減災意識,堅持“預防為主,綜合防治”植保方針和綠色植保理念,按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部 “蟲口奪糧保豐收”的總體要求,建立健全政府組織、部門配合、上下聯(lián)動、分工協(xié)作、全面防控的工作機制,強化早準備、早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早防控,堅決打贏草地貪夜蛾防控戰(zhàn)。
二、目標任務
廣泛宣傳,動員全社會相關行業(yè)部門和農(nóng)民積極參與,形成防控合力。堅持“長短結合、標本兼治、分區(qū)治理”防控策略,科學制定防控措施。積極開展應急防治。采取物理和性誘技術誘殺成蟲,通過化學防治控制幼蟲。利用生物防治和生態(tài)調控技術開展綠色防控,探索建立長效防控機制。重點抓好玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)防控,兼顧小麥等作物蟲情監(jiān)測和防治。草地貪夜蛾發(fā)生區(qū)域防控處置率達到90%以上,力掙危害損失率控制在5%以內(nèi)。
三、工作措施
(一)蟲情監(jiān)測與普查。落實農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部“縣不漏鄉(xiāng)、鄉(xiāng)不漏村、村不漏田”和“早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報告、早預警”的蟲情監(jiān)測要求,提前監(jiān)測時間,擴大監(jiān)測范圍,加強田間調查,確保在第一時間發(fā)現(xiàn)蟲情,及時報告預警。
1.擴大監(jiān)測范圍。針對今年草地貪夜蛾由南向北遷入各地時間將提前,發(fā)生范圍和危害作物種類擴大的趨勢,將我省監(jiān)測時間提前,監(jiān)測范圍擴大到小麥、玉米、高梁等所有禾谷類作物。東南部的隴南、天水等地要從3月份開始在冬小麥田布置監(jiān)測點,提早進行系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測;各地要在玉米、高梁等作物出苗后,全面設置監(jiān)測點,持續(xù)監(jiān)測到10月底,在草地貪夜蛾從遷出到遷出全程做好主要作物全生育期的監(jiān)測。
2.加大監(jiān)測調查力度。各地要用好蟲情測報燈、高空測報燈和性誘捕器等設備做好成蟲遷入監(jiān)測,將監(jiān)測和防控關口前移。一要用高空測報燈和蟲情測報燈監(jiān)測成蟲遷飛。按2019年草地貪夜蛾時間,提前1-2個月左右開燈監(jiān)測,要及時分揀、識別誘集到的蟲體,蟲體過多時,采用對分法取適量樣本鑒別,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)記錄草地貪夜蛾成蟲遷入時間、峰期、峰值、雌雄性比等數(shù)據(jù),并進行雌蟲卵巢發(fā)育進度解剖,準確預測幼蟲發(fā)生期。各地應積極篩選應用自動化、智能化監(jiān)測設備,系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測掌握種群遷飛動態(tài)。二要性誘捕器(系統(tǒng))監(jiān)測。加大性誘捕器監(jiān)測布點密度,各地按種植區(qū)域特點和面積科學布點,平均每3000畝設一個監(jiān)測點,每個監(jiān)測點安置3個誘捕器,每個誘捕器相距50米以上,每月更換誘芯。各縣區(qū)要*專人承擔監(jiān)測任務,系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測點每天察看、記載監(jiān)測結果。一般監(jiān)測點每3天察看、記載監(jiān)測結果。三要各地植保機構從玉米苗期開始,開展定期大田調查排查,執(zhí)行3日一查、一周一報的調查制度。重點排查玉米、小麥、高粱、谷子等禾本科作物心葉等細嫩部位,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)卵和幼蟲,及時防除。田間調查要兼顧二代粘蟲、玉米螟、棉鈴蟲等主要害蟲發(fā)生動態(tài)。具體調查方法按照全國農(nóng)技中心制定的《草地貪夜蛾測報調查方法(試行)》進行。
3. 廣泛宣傳發(fā)動。采用雇、獎、補等各種鼓勵手段,調動專業(yè)合作社、種植大戶、農(nóng)民群眾等一線生產(chǎn)人員參與調查的積極性,在農(nóng)事操作時注意察看蟲情,多措并舉,群測群查,提高調查效率,確保草地貪夜蛾一旦遷入能在第一時間發(fā)現(xiàn)蟲情,贏得防控主動。
(二)蟲情預警與報告。繼續(xù)執(zhí)行草地貪夜蛾蟲情當天報告和發(fā)生區(qū)周報制度,做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報告、早預警。各縣(區(qū))當年*發(fā)現(xiàn)草地貪夜蛾蟲情(誘到成蟲或發(fā)現(xiàn)幼蟲為害),要在24小時之內(nèi)向上級植保部門報告,蟲情確認后,向當?shù)卣畧蟾?,及時啟動防控預案。發(fā)生區(qū)實行蟲情周報制度,各縣區(qū)從蟲情開始,每周將監(jiān)測調查的蟲情和防控情況由市(州)植保機構匯總后上報省植保植檢站,同時,通過網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)(https://ccpmis.org.cn/ppms/#/login)向全國農(nóng)技中心上報蟲情。關鍵時期要組織專家會商,研判蟲情發(fā)生趨勢,做好分析預測,及時發(fā)布防治預警。
(三)做好防控準備。各地要高度重視草地貪夜蛾的重大危害及監(jiān)測和防治準備工作的重要性,提高響應級別,提早動手,制定監(jiān)測方案和防控預案,靠實工作責任,積極爭取地方財政資金,盡早購齊監(jiān)測設備,按時布點監(jiān)測。積極貯備防控藥械和物資。廣泛宣傳動員,發(fā)動廣大農(nóng)戶和新型經(jīng)營主體等社會力量,建立部門協(xié)調、上下聯(lián)動、多方參與的工作機制,確保一旦發(fā)生蟲情,快速有序開展防控行動。
(四)落實防控措施。按照“全面排查、突出重點、對芯施藥、打點保面,集中清除、消滅蟲源、保險兜底、特事特辦,防止擴散、阻截北遷”的防控策略,積極開展專業(yè)化防治和綠色防控,切實提高防控效果。
1.成蟲誘殺技術:成蟲遷入期,集中連片使用殺蟲燈、性誘、食誘、性誘迷向等綠色防控技術,加大推廣應用力度,多種技術綜合利用,提升防治效果。
2.幼蟲防治技術:零星發(fā)生地采取帶藥排查,發(fā)現(xiàn)一株,防治一株,邊調查邊防控,降低農(nóng)藥使用量;成片發(fā)生田塊,由技術人員和專業(yè)防治隊,對發(fā)生玉米田塊進行集中防控,抓住3齡前幼蟲的防控時期,施藥時間好選擇在清晨或者傍晚,注意噴灑在玉米心葉、雄穗和雌穗等部位,力爭撲滅蟲源。生物防治:在卵孵化初期選擇噴施白僵菌、綠僵菌、蘇云金桿菌制劑以及多殺菌素、苦參堿、印楝素等生物農(nóng)藥。應急防治:玉米田蟲口密度達到10頭/百株時,使用農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部推薦的25種藥劑開展化學防治。針對部分地區(qū)菊酯類藥劑防效不高的實際,各地在應注意將菊酯類藥劑與其他藥劑混用,同時還應將不同作用機理的農(nóng)藥輪換使用,一季作物使用同種農(nóng)藥不超過2次,以延緩害蟲抗藥性產(chǎn)生。各地要積極采取綜合防治技術,推進科學安全用藥,努力實現(xiàn)草地貪夜蛾防控和農(nóng)藥減量增效雙贏。
3.生態(tài)調控及天敵保護利用:作為長期控制措施,有條件的地區(qū)可與非禾本科作物間作套種,保護農(nóng)田中的寄生性和捕食性天敵,發(fā)揮生物多樣性的自然控制優(yōu)勢,發(fā)揮生態(tài)治蟲控害作用。
四、保障措施
(一)加強組織領導。根據(jù)越冬區(qū)調查和全國農(nóng)技中心專家預測,隨著春季氣溫回升,草地貪夜蛾發(fā)育速率加快,種群數(shù)量進入倍增繁殖階段,2020年,其發(fā)生危害將明顯重于去年,防控形勢嚴峻。落實屬地責任,提早謀劃安排,加強行政推動,加大資金物資保障,制定防控預案,督促措施落實,切實做到早準備、早監(jiān)測、早防控,堅決打好打贏“蟲口奪糧”攻堅戰(zhàn),確保全省糧食生產(chǎn)安全和農(nóng)民增收。
(二)加強資金支持。省級財政已于2019年底下拔500萬元專項資金支持各地草地貪夜蛾防控工作,各地要加大地方財政支持,多方籌措資金,統(tǒng)籌安排,及早購置監(jiān)測設備,貯備防控物資,扶持社會化專業(yè)植保組織,保證防控資金和物資充足,確保一旦發(fā)生蟲情,能及時、有效控制其為害。
(三)加強宣傳培訓。各地要充分利用廣播、電視、報刊、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等多種形式,采取舉辦培訓班、鄉(xiāng)村板報、印發(fā)明白紙等方式,讓公眾正確認知草地貪夜蛾,讓農(nóng)民群眾掌握科學防控方法。強化監(jiān)測防控技術指導,組織植保部門專業(yè)技術人員經(jīng)常深入田間地頭,普及推廣綠色防控技術,營造良好的輿論氛圍,形成人人有責、聯(lián)防聯(lián)控、共同參與的防控新局面。
(四)提高防控水平。各地要嚴格實行定人、定點、定時監(jiān)測報原則,按照草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測調查規(guī)范,做好監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析,系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測和大田調查并重,準確掌握發(fā)生為害動態(tài),及時發(fā)布趨勢預報和防治警報,科學指導防治。要提高社會化專業(yè)防治組織作業(yè)能力和技術水平,加強對農(nóng)民技術培訓和技術指導,積極開展綜合防控技術研究,邊防控,邊探索,邊總結,各地好的技術和做法及時向全省推廣,不斷提高防控科學水平,切實提高防效。
(五)加強督促指導。各地要派出工作組,加強對草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測防控工作的檢查指導,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,及時指導解決。對發(fā)現(xiàn)蟲情漏報、瞞報、不報,責任落實不到位,監(jiān)測和防控工作不力,造成重大危害損失的,要進行嚴肅問責,追究責任,確保各項工作落到實處、取得實效。
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