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風(fēng)云變幻70年，“白手起家”的農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)怎么樣了？

2019-10-07 13:16:12 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：51194 評論

導(dǎo)讀：70年來，我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展從1949年的糧食產(chǎn)量僅有2264億斤，先后邁過11個千億斤臺階，現(xiàn)在已連續(xù)4年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上，還有“油瓶子”“菜籃子”“果盤子”也是供應(yīng)充足，9%的耕地養(yǎng)活了近20%的人口，堪稱世界農(nóng)業(yè)*的奇跡。在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化方面，同樣“白手起家”，不斷發(fā)展。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】近日，“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平被授予“共和國勛章”。他一生致力于雜交水稻技術(shù)的研究、應(yīng)用與推廣，發(fā)明“三系法”秈型雜交水稻，成功研究出“兩系法”雜交水稻，創(chuàng)建了超級雜交稻技術(shù)體系，為我國糧食安全、農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展和世界糧食供給作出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)。而這項成果，正是我國70年來科技進(jìn)步的一個縮影。
 
　　70年來，我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展從1949年的糧食產(chǎn)量僅有2264億斤，先后邁過11個千億斤臺階，現(xiàn)在已連續(xù)4年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上，還有“油瓶子”“菜籃子”“果盤子”也是供應(yīng)充足，9%的耕地養(yǎng)活了近20%的人口，堪稱世界農(nóng)業(yè)*的奇跡。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化方面，同樣“白手起家”，不斷發(fā)展。
 
　　70年，農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)快速發(fā)展
 
　　1949年至1980年，提出“農(nóng)業(yè)的根本出路在于機(jī)械化”這一論斷，制定明確的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展目標(biāo)和相應(yīng)的指導(dǎo)方針、政策。
 
　　1981至1995年，農(nóng)村開始實行家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制，國家對農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化和農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)的直接投入逐漸減少，農(nóng)民逐步成為投資和經(jīng)營農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的主體。農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)開始大規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，適合農(nóng)村小規(guī)模經(jīng)營的小型農(nóng)機(jī)具、農(nóng)用運輸車等應(yīng)運而生。
 
　　1996至2003年，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展，農(nóng)村青年勞動力開始大量外出務(wù)工尋找工作機(jī)會，農(nóng)村勞動力出現(xiàn)短缺，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化跨區(qū)機(jī)收等農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)開始現(xiàn)出端倪，聯(lián)合收割機(jī)異軍突起。
 
　　2004至2014年，農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的“黃金十年”，《農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化促進(jìn)法》公布實施，農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策拉動農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)發(fā)展，國家的政策制度成為農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展不可或缺的推動力。
 
　　目前，我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)已由主要依靠人力畜力轉(zhuǎn)為主要依靠機(jī)械動力，進(jìn)入了機(jī)械化為主導(dǎo)的新階段。全國規(guī)模以上農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)2500多家，是世界農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)大國；農(nóng)機(jī)裝備水平不斷發(fā)展，全國農(nóng)機(jī)總動力近10億千瓦；全國農(nóng)機(jī)戶及服務(wù)組織4249萬個，機(jī)耕、機(jī)播、機(jī)收、機(jī)械植保和機(jī)電灌溉作業(yè)面積合計超過63億畝，成為農(nóng)機(jī)使用大國；全國農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率超過67%，其中主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率超過80%。
 
　　2018年，科技研發(fā)投入19678億元
 
　　這一切離不開科技創(chuàng)新投入，2018年，我國研發(fā)經(jīng)費規(guī)模達(dá)到19678億元，居*二；研發(fā)支出占GDP比重達(dá)2.19%，超過2017年歐盟15國平均水平(2.13%)；研發(fā)人員總量在2013年超過美國。強(qiáng)大的人才優(yōu)勢、完善的激勵機(jī)制、不斷加碼的研發(fā)投入，使得我國科技發(fā)展“軟環(huán)境”更加優(yōu)越，逐漸探索出一條從人才強(qiáng)、科技強(qiáng)到產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)、國家強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展新路徑。
 
　　隨著人工智能、智能制造、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算等高新科技在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械領(lǐng)域的不斷拓展應(yīng)用，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械被賦予了智慧化特征，不斷釋放新動能。從無人駕駛拖拉機(jī)高速精量播種，到使用無人機(jī)遙感技術(shù)測試農(nóng)作物長勢、監(jiān)測土壤肥力，再到變量施肥、變量施藥、水肥一體化，后實現(xiàn)實時測產(chǎn)的智能化收獲，智能化農(nóng)機(jī)裝備成為了現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新亮點。
 
　　“引進(jìn)來”和“走出去”齊頭并進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)合作
 
　　與此同時，如果說科技是人類文明的結(jié)晶，那么，開放包容就是科技進(jìn)步的硬核。我國對外經(jīng)貿(mào)“引進(jìn)來”和“走出去”齊頭并進(jìn)，區(qū)域經(jīng)貿(mào)合作持續(xù)推進(jìn)，形成了、多層次、寬領(lǐng)域的全面開放新格局。
 
　　隨著我國農(nóng)機(jī)出口型企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級步伐的加快，出口型產(chǎn)品性能和可靠性正在不斷提升，駐外服務(wù)的能力也在加強(qiáng)，我國的拖拉機(jī)及農(nóng)機(jī)具、收割機(jī)、烘干機(jī)、植保機(jī)械等產(chǎn)品深受亞洲、非洲等地用戶的青睞，農(nóng)機(jī)出口市場依然廣闊。據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)：2017年農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)進(jìn)出口總額123.27億美元，同比增長11.18%。出口額100.89億美元，同比增長14.53%。其中，拖拉機(jī)(包括輪、履及履帶牽引車、手扶)出口總量是151519臺，同比增長20.40%。
 
　　2019中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械展覽會將于10月30日在青島西海岸新區(qū)青島世界博覽城展覽中心開幕，在展會第二日下午(10月31日)，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械流通協(xié)會將在會議中心舉辦以“聚焦亞太、共贏”為主題的中國農(nóng)機(jī)貿(mào)易峰會，促進(jìn)中國農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)“走出去、引進(jìn)來”，加強(qiáng)我國與亞太區(qū)域以及的農(nóng)機(jī)貿(mào)易與合作。

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