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“垃圾分類”熱度堪比炎夏,談農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展標(biāo)準規(guī)范

2019-08-07 17:35:19 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:52564 評論

導(dǎo)讀:綜觀各行各業(yè),制定合理的標(biāo)準規(guī)范是其發(fā)展過程中的重要基礎(chǔ),在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機行業(yè)亦是如此。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】隨著《上海市生活垃圾管理條例》進入正式實施期,一場全國性的垃圾分類拉開序幕。伴隨著氣溫持續(xù)升高,“垃圾分類”的熱度繼續(xù)點燃這個夏季。緊隨上海,北京、天津、重慶、廣州、杭州、武漢、成都等城市都將開展或者強化強制性垃圾分類、定時定點投放,以及實施相應(yīng)的處罰制度。
 
  8月2日,新修改的《杭州市生活垃圾管理條例》正式獲得批準,將垃圾分成可回收物、有害垃圾、易腐垃圾和其他垃圾四類,其中餐廚垃圾被歸為易腐垃圾,分別對應(yīng)藍色、紅色、綠色、黃色這四色垃圾桶進行投放垃圾。新條例不但加大了處罰力度,還增加信用懲戒措施,對違反規(guī)定受到行政處罰的,將被記入個人、單位的信用檔案。
 
  垃圾分類標(biāo)準教你見“圾”行事
 
  垃圾分類是指按一定規(guī)定或標(biāo)準將垃圾分類儲存、分類投放和分類搬運,從而轉(zhuǎn)變成公共資源的一系列活動的總稱,目的在于提高垃圾的資源價值和經(jīng)濟價值,力爭實現(xiàn)物盡其用。從國內(nèi)外各城市垃圾分類辦法來看,大多都是根據(jù)垃圾的成分構(gòu)成、產(chǎn)生量,結(jié)合本地垃圾的資源利用和處理方式來進行分類的。
 
  那么,標(biāo)準是什么呢?國家標(biāo)準GB/T 3935.1-1996 《標(biāo)準化和有關(guān)領(lǐng)域的通用術(shù)語 部分:基本術(shù)語》中對標(biāo)準的定義是:“為在一定范圍內(nèi)獲得佳秩序,對活動或其結(jié)果規(guī)定共同的和重復(fù)使用的規(guī)則、導(dǎo)則或特性的文件。該文件經(jīng)協(xié)商一致制定并經(jīng)一個公認機構(gòu)的批準。它以科學(xué)、技術(shù)和實踐經(jīng)驗的綜合成果為基礎(chǔ),以促進佳社會效益為目的。”簡而言之,可以簡單理解為衡量人或事物的依據(jù)或準則。
 
  垃圾分類標(biāo)準正是如此,其是一個城市對于垃圾分類的依據(jù)。如杭州將垃圾分成可回收物、有害垃圾、易腐垃圾和其他垃圾四類,而上海市垃圾則分為可回收物、有害垃圾、濕垃圾,干垃圾四類。正是標(biāo)準的出臺,才能讓更多人可以見“圾”行事,對于加強垃圾分類科學(xué)管理、形成長效機制、推動習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成等方面具有重要意義。
 
  綜觀各行各業(yè),制定合理的標(biāo)準規(guī)范是其發(fā)展過程中的重要基礎(chǔ),在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機行業(yè)亦是如此。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準體系、評價體系建設(shè)
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部全面推進農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準體系、評價體系建設(shè)。截至目前,制定發(fā)布農(nóng)業(yè)國家標(biāo)準和行業(yè)標(biāo)準14077項,涉及了農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、投入品、生產(chǎn)過程、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、安全限量、檢測方法、包裝標(biāo)識、儲存運輸?shù)确矫妫M一步保障農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全、推動農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量和綠色發(fā)展。
 
  就農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全層面,按照《食品安全法》、《標(biāo)準化法》等法律法規(guī)及部門“三定”規(guī)定,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部負責(zé)食品中農(nóng)藥獸藥殘留限量及檢驗方法、屠宰畜禽檢驗規(guī)程、轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全評價、飼料安全及檢驗方法等國家標(biāo)準的制定。同時,還負責(zé)產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、種子種苗、農(nóng)業(yè)投入品合理使用、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范、動植物疫病防控等農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準的制定。
 
  在農(nóng)機化標(biāo)準方面,2018年12月19日農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布第112號公告,發(fā)布了《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品檢測樣品管理技術(shù)規(guī)范》等79項農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準,其中農(nóng)機化標(biāo)準4項,自2019年6月1日實施。包括:NY/T 3334-2018農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動導(dǎo)航輔助駕駛系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量評價技術(shù)規(guī)范、NY/T 3335-2018棉花收獲機安全操作規(guī)程、NY/T 3336-2018飼料粉碎機安全操作規(guī)程、NY/T 1645-2018谷物聯(lián)合收割機適用性評價方法。
 
  標(biāo)準化與個性化相融合,滿足用戶需求
 
  “巨匠是在嚴格的規(guī)矩中施展他的創(chuàng)造才能的。”
 
  ——塞•約翰遜
 
  農(nóng)機購置補貼品目范圍和補貼標(biāo)準、《聯(lián)合收獲機報廢技術(shù)條件》等農(nóng)機化農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準等都在進一步促進農(nóng)機行業(yè)規(guī)范化發(fā)展。
 
  誠然,技術(shù)研發(fā)能力已成為農(nóng)機行業(yè)競爭的焦點。但是,在創(chuàng)意的基礎(chǔ)上,我們也必須要在“標(biāo)準”的范圍內(nèi)生產(chǎn)制造出更加適合的農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品。這里的標(biāo)準不是指千篇一律,而是在提供個性化、差異化服務(wù)的前提下,重視產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,不論是生產(chǎn)管理還是研發(fā)制造都向標(biāo)準化和通用化方向發(fā)展。
 
  以植保無人機行業(yè)為例,我國農(nóng)業(yè)無人機行業(yè)標(biāo)準《植保無人飛機質(zhì)量評價技術(shù)規(guī)范》于2018年6月1日起實施,用于指導(dǎo)各地農(nóng)機化企業(yè)生產(chǎn)和行政主管部門的管理工作。該項標(biāo)準的發(fā)布實施,進一步引導(dǎo)企業(yè)規(guī)范植保無人機的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動,促進植保無人飛機推廣應(yīng)用,為相關(guān)的檢測機構(gòu)提供檢測依據(jù)。同時,標(biāo)準的全面實施,也意味著將大幅提升植保無人飛機的安全性,淘汰部分不合格產(chǎn)品,凈化市場。
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