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什么才是實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥大減量的秘密武器？

2018-09-06 16:36:43 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：50870 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：從“十三五”開始，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大力開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長行動(dòng)以來，我國的化肥、農(nóng)藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長的目標(biāo)。其中，我國主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達(dá)到25.2%，農(nóng)藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降，且目前主要糧食作物農(nóng)藥利用率為36.6%，比2013年提高了1.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 從“十三五”開始，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大力開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長行動(dòng)以來，我國的化肥、農(nóng)藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長的目標(biāo)。其中，我國主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達(dá)到25.2%，農(nóng)藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降，且目前主要糧食作物農(nóng)藥利用率為36.6%，比2013年提高了1.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
 
　　在我國農(nóng)藥使用量逐年減量的前提下，糧食產(chǎn)量卻逐年豐收，這與近年來迅速發(fā)展的植保機(jī)械有著很大的關(guān)系，其中大型的地面植保裝備——植保噴霧機(jī)功勞顯著。
 
　　噴桿噴霧機(jī)——大型農(nóng)田植保的“御前侍衛(wèi)”
 
　　噴霧機(jī)按施用對(duì)象大體可以分為田間植保噴霧機(jī)和果園噴霧機(jī)，其中田間植保噴霧機(jī)以噴桿式噴霧機(jī)為主流，又細(xì)分為自走式、牽引式和懸掛式。
 
　　自走式噴桿噴霧機(jī)具有機(jī)動(dòng)性和方便性好、作業(yè)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與拖拉機(jī)配套機(jī)具相比，離地間隙較高，能滿足棉花、大豆、油菜和玉米等作物生長中后期的病蟲害防治需要。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式的規(guī)?；l(fā)展，自走式噴桿噴霧機(jī)的前景廣闊，目前主要在國有農(nóng)場和大型農(nóng)機(jī)合作社應(yīng)用較多；牽引式和懸掛式噴桿噴霧機(jī)移動(dòng)方便、噴幅寬、噴灑均勻、效率高，是一種理想的大田作物植保機(jī)械，在東北地區(qū)被廣泛使用。

　　總的來說，大型噴桿噴霧機(jī)效率高，每天可作業(yè)千余畝地，更適合大面積平原地區(qū)。尤其東北地區(qū)作為我國的重要糧倉，地域廣闊、氣候類型多樣，耕地面積4.65億畝，占全國耕地面積的22.9%。噴桿噴霧機(jī)是東北地區(qū)理想的大田作物植保機(jī)械，因此，在東北地區(qū)地區(qū)有著廣闊的市場前景。
 
　　技術(shù)落后二、三十年——向農(nóng)業(yè)靠攏
 
　　中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)藥械與施藥技術(shù)研究中心主任、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)何雄奎教授曾坦言，我國噴桿式噴霧機(jī)和發(fā)達(dá)國家相比現(xiàn)狀并不樂觀，至少落后20～30年，主要是缺乏相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)作業(yè)規(guī)范，達(dá)不到歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家每一臺(tái)噴桿噴霧機(jī)都能實(shí)現(xiàn)智能電控自動(dòng)化作業(yè)的要求。何雄奎解釋，從整體上來講，我國植保機(jī)械性能和施藥技術(shù)水平落后，無法滿足當(dāng)今農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的要求，還需要進(jìn)一步努力才能趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家水平。
 
　　據(jù)了解，歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國家的噴桿式噴霧機(jī)每臺(tái)機(jī)器上都安裝了控制系統(tǒng)，而且藥和水的配比是有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循的，這樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn)均勻施藥、變量施藥，真正做到“農(nóng)業(yè)”。近年來，我國植保噴霧機(jī)械發(fā)展的主要成就還是將農(nóng)民從費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的人工打藥作業(yè)中解放了出來，而未達(dá)到“作業(yè)”。
 
　　當(dāng)前，為適應(yīng)我國農(nóng)藥“減量提效”的綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，我國植保機(jī)械應(yīng)從減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、提高作業(yè)效率向更加的方向發(fā)展，這也順應(yīng)我國農(nóng)業(yè)向農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)方向發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。
 
　　末尾小彩蛋
 
　　植保噴霧機(jī)和植保無人機(jī)打起來啦！兩機(jī)相爭，你pick誰？ 戳鏈接→農(nóng)用植保領(lǐng)域的無人機(jī)和噴霧機(jī)，你pick哪種？

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