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當(dāng)前我國蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化發(fā)展各有特色

2018-08-06 14:20:37 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：29120 評論

導(dǎo)讀：長期以來，勞動力成本在蔬菜生產(chǎn)成本中都盤踞高位，我國作為蔬菜生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國，在農(nóng)村勞動力日益緊缺的當(dāng)下，如何降低蔬菜生產(chǎn)成本，提高總體生產(chǎn)效益是蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的重要問題。近年來，我國蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化技術(shù)有了一定發(fā)展，當(dāng)前，部分地區(qū)蔬菜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)已有顯著成效同時各有特色。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 長期以來，勞動力成本在蔬菜生產(chǎn)成本中都盤踞高位，我國作為蔬菜生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國，在農(nóng)村勞動力日益緊缺的當(dāng)下，如何降低蔬菜生產(chǎn)成本，提高總體生產(chǎn)效益是蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的重要問題。近年來，我國蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化技術(shù)有了一定發(fā)展，當(dāng)前，部分地區(qū)蔬菜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)已有顯著成效同時各有特色。
 
　　湖北武漢：蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化率超30%，農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼高達(dá)50%
 
　　據(jù)悉，武漢市蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械擁有量已達(dá)5.7萬臺，蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化整體水平超過30%。
 
　　蔬菜是武漢市都市農(nóng)業(yè)主導(dǎo)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，種植品種涵蓋葉菜類、莖菜類、果菜類、根菜類和花菜類等五大類40多個常見品種，常年播種面積超過280萬畝，占全市農(nóng)作物總播種面積的1/3。武漢市針對蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化中的育苗移栽、精量播種、收獲等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，引進(jìn)、示范了整地作畦機(jī)、多功能田園管理機(jī)、撒肥機(jī)、氣吸式育苗播種機(jī)和播種流水線、移栽機(jī)、精量播種機(jī)、各類收獲機(jī)械、產(chǎn)后處理機(jī)械以及秸稈還田和有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)機(jī)械，初步形成了較完備的蔬菜生產(chǎn)耕整、種植、收獲、植保及產(chǎn)后處理全程機(jī)械化配套技術(shù)體系及技術(shù)路線，示范輻射面積超過10萬畝。
 
　　同時，武漢市還制定了適合當(dāng)?shù)氐氖卟松a(chǎn)機(jī)械化作業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)10項(xiàng)。該市還以蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化為重點(diǎn)，提高補(bǔ)貼的性和指向性，從2014年起實(shí)施了蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械購置補(bǔ)貼，補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上限可達(dá)50%。今年市財政撥付農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼專項(xiàng)資金500萬元，繼續(xù)支持蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化技術(shù)推廣。
 
　　四川簡陽：蔬菜（胡蘿卜）生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)全程機(jī)械化
 
　　據(jù)悉，近期，四川省簡陽市蔬菜(胡蘿卜)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)示范項(xiàng)目順利完成驗(yàn)收。
 
　　蔬菜(胡蘿卜)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，有力的促進(jìn)簡陽市蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)壯大，增加農(nóng)民收入，產(chǎn)生較好的社會效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益。220畝胡蘿卜試驗(yàn)示范基地均產(chǎn)3000千克/畝、均價1.8元/千克，為市場提供綠色胡蘿卜660噸,銷售收入達(dá)到118.8萬元。通過機(jī)播、機(jī)收現(xiàn)場會和宣傳培訓(xùn)的影響，帶動周邊群眾轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，加快農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展步伐。該項(xiàng)目有利于水土保持，促進(jìn)生態(tài)平衡，提高土地生產(chǎn)率，同時增加了土壤的有機(jī)肥料，促進(jìn)了生態(tài)的有利循環(huán)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。
 
　　今年簡陽市將進(jìn)一步加大全市蔬菜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的力度，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)具，努力探索試驗(yàn)示范果蔬全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，在鞏固傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)作物的基礎(chǔ)上向果蔬、花卉等多領(lǐng)域突破和發(fā)展；積極探索智能化、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與農(nóng)機(jī)裝備集成應(yīng)用，切實(shí)提高全市農(nóng)機(jī)化水平。
 
　　浙江寧波：蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化成果顯著，值得推廣
 
　　據(jù)介紹，寧波市是浙江省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品重要產(chǎn)區(qū)和出口基地，近年來持續(xù)推進(jìn)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)。2017年，全市完成農(nóng)林牧漁業(yè)增加值320.1億元，居全省，農(nóng)民收入保持全國水平。農(nóng)業(yè)特色主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化是“十三五”期間寧波市推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的重心之一，其中，又以蔬菜農(nóng)機(jī)化為重要著力點(diǎn)。
 
　　在大力實(shí)施主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化推進(jìn)行動的同時，浙江省寧波市大力開展瓜果、蔬菜、茶葉、畜禽養(yǎng)殖等特色產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械的技術(shù)研發(fā)、引進(jìn)試驗(yàn)和示范推廣，進(jìn)一步推動了農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化全程、全面、高質(zhì)、發(fā)展。目前，寧波已實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化，近兩年累計示范推廣新型特色農(nóng)機(jī)裝備560臺(套)，實(shí)施特色農(nóng)機(jī)推廣項(xiàng)目14個。
 
　　此外，寧波市還實(shí)施了蔬菜、瓜果、茶葉、畜禽養(yǎng)殖等特色產(chǎn)業(yè)主要環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化項(xiàng)目，通過試驗(yàn)示范，為廣大農(nóng)戶提供特色產(chǎn)業(yè)全程或關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式。2017年度完成寧波市農(nóng)機(jī)科技推廣項(xiàng)目7個，成功引進(jìn)梅干菜烘干機(jī)、竹筍烘干設(shè)備、玉米收割機(jī)、土壤殺菌機(jī)等新型實(shí)用農(nóng)機(jī)，同時著力探索畜禽養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械化。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　雖然部分地區(qū)蔬菜機(jī)械化有所發(fā)展，但目前從整體來看，全國的蔬菜機(jī)械化平均水平還比較低，綜合水平應(yīng)該在30%以下。勞動力用工占到蔬菜成本1/3甚至有的達(dá)到60%以上。因此，加快蔬菜機(jī)械化發(fā)展對蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)良性發(fā)展有著重要支撐作用。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)民日報、四川新聞網(wǎng)、寧波日報，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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