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重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)論壇我國獲4項新授牌遺產(chǎn)

2018-04-23 16:30:48 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：25519 評論

導讀：近日，聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織在意大利羅馬舉辦了第五屆重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)論壇，論壇上對8個國家的14項新認定遺產(chǎn)予以授牌，我國“甘肅迭部扎尕那農(nóng)林牧復合系統(tǒng)”“浙江湖州桑基魚塘系統(tǒng)”“山東夏津黃河故道古桑樹群”“中國南方山地稻作梯田系統(tǒng)”等4項新遺產(chǎn)名列其中。目前，中國所獲授牌遺產(chǎn)總數(shù)已達15項，位居世界各國。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】近日，聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織在意大利羅馬舉辦了第五屆重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)論壇，論壇上對8個國家的14項新認定遺產(chǎn)予以授牌，我國“甘肅迭部扎尕那農(nóng)林牧復合系統(tǒng)”“浙江湖州桑基魚塘系統(tǒng)”“山東夏津黃河故道古桑樹群”“中國南方山地稻作梯田系統(tǒng)”等4項新遺產(chǎn)名列其中。目前，中國所獲授牌遺產(chǎn)總數(shù)已達15項，位居世界各國。
 

       甘肅迭部扎尕那農(nóng)林牧復合系統(tǒng)
 
　　農(nóng)林牧復合系統(tǒng)是因地制宜發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)新形式，農(nóng)、林、牧三種農(nóng)業(yè)形式在同一土地管理單元內，按一定的時序安排在一起進行管理，使得生產(chǎn)能力和生態(tài)功能得以充分發(fā)揮，循環(huán)復合的多樣性生產(chǎn)活動的合理搭配促使土地資源、勞動力資源等得到充分利用。
 
　　畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)生的糞、尿是農(nóng)作物和林木的肥料，農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品及豆科灌木飼料林又是畜牧業(yè)的飼料源。在這套系統(tǒng)下，利用秸稈轉化飼料技術、利用糞便發(fā)酵和有機肥生產(chǎn)技術是機械化發(fā)展的關鍵性技術。
 
　　浙江湖州?；~塘系統(tǒng)
 
　　?；~塘桑基魚塘是珠三角一種*地方特色的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)形式。這套系統(tǒng)把種桑養(yǎng)蠶和池塘養(yǎng)魚相結合，在池埂上或池塘附近種植上桑樹，以桑葉養(yǎng)蠶，然后通過蠶沙、蠶蛹等作為魚餌料養(yǎng)魚，又以塘泥作為桑樹肥料，循環(huán)往復形成一個池埂種桑、桑葉養(yǎng)蠶、蠶絲織布、蠶蛹喂魚、塘泥肥桑的閉合型生產(chǎn)鏈條，二者互相利用，互相促進，達到魚蠶兼取的效果。
 
　　以?；~塘為例的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)充分利用當?shù)氐淖匀毁Y源，利用動物、植物、微生物之間的相互依存關系，實行無廢物生產(chǎn)，既有效地利用機械設備、化肥、農(nóng)藥，又盡量減少其污染影響。這種生產(chǎn)模式充分吸收了傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)驗，力爭實現(xiàn)綠色植被大、生物產(chǎn)量高、光合作用合理、經(jīng)濟效益好、生態(tài)平衡佳等目標。
 
　　山東夏津黃河故道古桑樹群
 
　　位于德州市西南部夏津黃河故道范圍內的古桑樹群區(qū)域的產(chǎn)品主體是鮮果生產(chǎn)，椹果銷往全國各地，椹干曬制后也銷往各地的藥材市場。而鮮果加工、椹葉茶的制作則是豐富了椹果產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展模式，延長了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。
 
　　與此同時，在當?shù)匕l(fā)展休閑農(nóng)業(yè)，三產(chǎn)融合促進鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展。不同產(chǎn)業(yè)之間有機結合發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢，把初級農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)與其后續(xù)性加工緊密銜接，并根據(jù)生態(tài)、自然、經(jīng)濟、社會、市場條件，發(fā)展實用的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。
 
　　中國南方山地稻作梯田系統(tǒng)
 
　　我國南方地區(qū)多以山地丘陵為主，缺少適合種植水稻的平原地區(qū)，勞動力消耗更大產(chǎn)量卻沒有任何優(yōu)勢，在丘陵山坡地上沿等高線方向修筑的條狀階臺式或波浪式斷面的梯田就成為了南方農(nóng)業(yè)具特色的生產(chǎn)模式之一。“田中有寨，寨中有田”的立體景觀，形成了一種獨特的灌溉體系。
 
　　丘陵地區(qū)一直是我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展的“重災區(qū)”，到目前為止，聯(lián)合梯田仍保留著包括原始木犁、鋤頭、軌枷等50多種傳統(tǒng)稻作農(nóng)具，如何在丘陵地區(qū)實現(xiàn)全程機械化以及全面機械化仍然是亟待解決的重中之重。
 
　　特色農(nóng)業(yè)盡顯中國智慧
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)聚焦了人類在歷*創(chuàng)造并傳承、保存至今的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，是在長期的生產(chǎn)實踐活動中巧妙利用自然資源的同時保護土壤健康和生物多樣性的人類智慧結晶。
 
　　中國作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國，農(nóng)事生產(chǎn)一直是涉及國計民生的大事，雖然我國的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化程度尚不及美國等高度機械化國家，但是幾千年總結出來的細微經(jīng)驗對于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要性依然毋庸置疑，中國的農(nóng)業(yè)文化為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和生態(tài)文明提供了寶貴智慧，對農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有著深遠影響。

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