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今年的政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險你購買了嗎？

2017-11-21 13:34:48 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：秋雨 閱讀量：51506 評論

導(dǎo)讀：你會給自己買保險嗎？你會給你的車買保險嗎？你會給你種的糧食買保險嗎？

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】你會給自己買保險嗎？你會給你的車買保險嗎？你會給你種的糧食買保險嗎？
 
　　11月17日,第七屆農(nóng)業(yè)保險論壇在成都舉行。會上提出，國家應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)一步健全農(nóng)業(yè)保險機(jī)制,提高農(nóng)業(yè)保險服務(wù)的質(zhì)量和效應(yīng)，完善農(nóng)業(yè)保險的基層服務(wù)體系，支持保險機(jī)構(gòu)委托基層財政、農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)協(xié)助辦理農(nóng)業(yè)保險業(yè)務(wù)；保險機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該扎根農(nóng)村不斷提高服務(wù)水平，增加商業(yè)保險和互助保險合作，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險、經(jīng)營風(fēng)險、巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險三個維度有效保障等論點。
 

　　自然風(fēng)險和市場風(fēng)險讓農(nóng)業(yè)保險有了必要性
 
　　2017年8月，正值南方中稻抽穗灌漿、晚稻分蘗的關(guān)鍵時期，第14號臺風(fēng)“帕卡”登錄廣東等地，農(nóng)業(yè)部高度重視，緊急部署第14號臺風(fēng)“帕卡”防御工作；9月下旬，三亞晚稻白葉枯、細(xì)菌性條斑病等病害總體偏重發(fā)生，市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心利用“2017年三亞市農(nóng)業(yè)救災(zāi)補助項目” 資金，專門組織植保無人機(jī)為農(nóng)戶無償防治水稻病蟲害；今年10月初，中部等地緊羅密布進(jìn)入秋收繁忙季，但多地出現(xiàn)了連續(xù)的陰雨天氣，這使得秋收不得不“見晴搶收”，并且還增加了秋收秋種的難度。
 
　　因此，在面對洪水、旱災(zāi)、臺風(fēng)、病蟲害等自然災(zāi)害給我國農(nóng)業(yè)造成巨大損失的時候，國家會出臺相應(yīng)的指導(dǎo)應(yīng)對措施，或者救濟(jì)部分損失。但是，我國農(nóng)業(yè)救濟(jì)并不是一個制度化的措施，也就是說能否得到國家的救濟(jì)補貼還存在著不確定性，并且政策出臺較慢。2017年9月，國家四部門(財政部、農(nóng)業(yè)部、水利部、國土資源部)聯(lián)合印發(fā)《中央財政農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)救災(zāi)及特大防汛抗旱補助資金管理辦法》指出，資金主要應(yīng)用于自然災(zāi)害預(yù)防、生物災(zāi)害防控、特大防汛抗旱等，但對于其他農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)災(zāi)害不太全面，比如臺風(fēng)對農(nóng)業(yè)的損失救濟(jì)，并沒有具體，這使得農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和收入的穩(wěn)定又大打折扣。
 
　　并且，我國農(nóng)業(yè)分布較散，多為家庭制農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，在面對農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害時，大多數(shù)農(nóng)民都很難獨自承擔(dān)的起自然災(zāi)害造成的損失。
 
　　政策性保險制度力挽農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害損失
 
　　2008年黨的十七屆三中全會指出，要積極探索適合我國國情的政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險經(jīng)營機(jī)制和發(fā)展模式，還要加快建立農(nóng)業(yè)再保險和巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險分散機(jī)制。由于農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害往往存在大面積干旱、臺風(fēng)等巨災(zāi)造成的系統(tǒng)性大風(fēng)險的特點，人為并不可控，有屬于公共災(zāi)害的部分特點，因此農(nóng)業(yè)保險也不同于其他一般保險，更多的需要政府的支持和推進(jìn)。
 
　　2016年底，財政部印發(fā)《中央財政農(nóng)業(yè)保險保費補貼管理辦法》，對2017年農(nóng)業(yè)保險保費補貼政策、方案、保障、管理等方面都做出了詳細(xì)規(guī)定。2017年中央一號文件明確提出要“持續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)保險擴(kuò)面、贈品、提標(biāo)開發(fā)滿足新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體需求的保險產(chǎn)品”。
 
　　雖然國家制定補貼險的種類、比例及方案，但我國土地遼闊，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和面臨的災(zāi)害風(fēng)險各不相同，如海南臺風(fēng)災(zāi)害較多，西南泥石流等災(zāi)害較多，中原及北部較干旱、畜禽等災(zāi)害較多等，因此各省市農(nóng)業(yè)保險的品種、范圍、保費及賠償金都會有所區(qū)別。
 
　　發(fā)展迅速但問題依然尖銳
 
　　從現(xiàn)在到2020年是我國全面建成小康社會的決勝期，農(nóng)業(yè)保險在這中間扮演著重要角色。雖然，自2007年中央財政實施我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險保費補貼政策以來，農(nóng)業(yè)保險發(fā)展迅速，2016年我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險保費規(guī)模已達(dá)到417.71億元，但我國的農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險保障水平同發(fā)達(dá)國家相比仍十分落后，農(nóng)業(yè)保險實際覆蓋面積仍十分狹窄。
 
　　隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險業(yè)務(wù)逐步擴(kuò)大，能夠承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險也不斷累積，因此，加快建立健全農(nóng)業(yè)再保險體系成為迫切需求。相應(yīng)的，農(nóng)業(yè)保險相關(guān)法規(guī)的不健全，使得商業(yè)性農(nóng)險的高收費與農(nóng)民的低收入之間存在的高差距矛盾依然會成為一個尖銳的問題。
 
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