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到2021年：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人或?qū)⒎Q(chēng)霸農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域

2017-09-11 17:14:35 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：小虎牙 閱讀量：50178 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：上周三(9月5日)，大農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械制造商約翰迪爾公司宣布，將以3.05億美元收購(gòu)機(jī)器人初創(chuàng)公司藍(lán)河科技（Blue River Technology），預(yù)計(jì)將于本月底前完成交易。約翰迪爾將利用藍(lán)河科技使用計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)來(lái)識(shí)別需要肥料的植物、噴灑農(nóng)藥或除草劑的噴藥機(jī)器人來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)“農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”，這種機(jī)器人主要被用于棉花、生菜，以及其它特色蔬菜的噴藥。藍(lán)河科技方面稱(chēng)，與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，其“農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”可

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】上周三(9月5日)，大農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械制造商約翰迪爾公司宣布，將以3.05億美元收購(gòu)機(jī)器人初創(chuàng)公司藍(lán)河科技(Blue River Technology)，預(yù)計(jì)將于本月底前完成交易。約翰迪爾將利用藍(lán)河科技使用計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)來(lái)識(shí)別需要肥料的植物、噴灑農(nóng)藥或除草劑的噴藥機(jī)器人來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)“農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”，這種機(jī)器人主要被用于棉花、生菜，以及其它特色蔬菜的噴藥。藍(lán)河科技方面稱(chēng)，與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，其“農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”可幫助農(nóng)民節(jié)約至多90%的化學(xué)品。
 
　　放眼當(dāng)下，智能化、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+、大數(shù)據(jù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)這些新興技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)正在改變著時(shí)代的發(fā)展方向，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式逐漸向現(xiàn)代化邁進(jìn)，農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)已經(jīng)悄然改變了傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式，催其步入智能化時(shí)代。目前這項(xiàng)技術(shù)在國(guó)外得到很好的應(yīng)用，主要體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用上。
 
　　對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人的研發(fā)，日本是走在世界前列的。當(dāng)前世界各國(guó)普遍面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問(wèn)題，而面臨人口減少和老齡化問(wèn)題的日本，在勞動(dòng)力的短缺問(wèn)題上更顯突出。
 
　　據(jù)了解，日本主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)的人口如今已減少至159萬(wàn)人，平均年齡約為67歲，在此背景下，日本大力研發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人，此前曾研制出了機(jī)器人拖拉機(jī)，它可以與人乘坐操作的拖拉機(jī)同時(shí)進(jìn)行作業(yè)，而效率是后者的1.5倍。利用衛(wèi)星測(cè)定位置信息，可以確保拖拉機(jī)移動(dòng)誤差范圍在10厘米之內(nèi)。且可以搭載各種農(nóng)機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)多種用途。近期又研制出無(wú)人駕駛拖拉機(jī)，被視為是阻止日本農(nóng)業(yè)滅絕的方式之一。據(jù)悉，除了拖拉機(jī)之外，日本還將研制機(jī)器人版的聯(lián)合收割機(jī)和插秧機(jī)。
 
　　而美國(guó)研制的施肥機(jī)器人會(huì)從不同土壤的實(shí)際情況出發(fā)，進(jìn)行適量施肥。它的準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算合理地減少了施肥的總量，降低了農(nóng)業(yè)成本。由于施肥科學(xué)，使地下水質(zhì)得以改善。德國(guó)的大田除草機(jī)器人基于計(jì)算機(jī)、定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)和靈巧的多用途拖拉機(jī)綜合技術(shù)可以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確施藥；英國(guó)的菜田除草機(jī)器人利用攝像機(jī)掃描和計(jì)算機(jī)圖像分析來(lái)進(jìn)行除草，它可以全天候連續(xù)作業(yè)，除草時(shí)不會(huì)破壞土壤；西班牙的采摘柑桔機(jī)器人憑一臺(tái)裝有計(jì)算機(jī)的拖拉機(jī)、一套光學(xué)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)和一個(gè)機(jī)械手組成，能夠從桔子的大小、形狀和顏色判斷其是否成熟，決定佳采摘時(shí)間。據(jù)了解，這種機(jī)器每分鐘可以摘60個(gè)，其速度是人工的7倍之多。諸如此類(lèi)的機(jī)器人在國(guó)外可謂是遍地開(kāi)花，而我國(guó)對(duì)于機(jī)器人的研究相比國(guó)外，在技術(shù)和投資方面均顯落后。
 
　　據(jù)了解，20世紀(jì)90年代中期，我國(guó)才開(kāi)始農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)的研發(fā)。直到工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和現(xiàn)代化的快速發(fā)展，農(nóng)用機(jī)器人的研發(fā)范圍才逐步擴(kuò)大。目前，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人已經(jīng)能完成播種、種植、耕作、采摘、收割、除草、分選以及包裝等工作，主要應(yīng)用于無(wú)人駕駛拖拉機(jī)、無(wú)人機(jī)、物料管理、播種和森林管理、土壤管理、牧業(yè)管理和動(dòng)物管理等。
 
　　從農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化到農(nóng)業(yè)智能化，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人正擔(dān)當(dāng)著當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的主角。有數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，到2021年，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人的銷(xiāo)售量將超過(guò)1.4萬(wàn)臺(tái)，銷(xiāo)售額將超過(guò)20億美元。由此看來(lái)，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域大有可為，目前市場(chǎng)正在迅速發(fā)展，或?qū)㈤_(kāi)啟農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域又一新藍(lán)海。

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