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消化吸引再創(chuàng)新 我國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展超趕指日可待

2017-09-05 16:03:38 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：45482 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：我國作為*的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，因種種因素制約，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平卻遠(yuǎn)不及國外發(fā)達(dá)國家的水平。因此，中國只有大力鉆研新技術(shù)，掌握核心科技，方能趕追上發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展步伐。而作為后來者，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械要實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新還得借鑒國外先進(jìn)的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 我國作為*的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，因種種因素制約，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平卻遠(yuǎn)不及國外發(fā)達(dá)國家的水平。因此，中國只有大力鉆研新技術(shù)，掌握核心科技，方能趕追上發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展步伐。而作為后來者，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械要實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新還得借鑒國外先進(jìn)的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
 
　　先來說說中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化與國外的差距。以美國為例，上世紀(jì)40年代美國就基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了糧食作物機(jī)械化，60年代實(shí)現(xiàn)全程機(jī)械化，70年代實(shí)現(xiàn)難的棉花油菜等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械化。我國目前正在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)全程機(jī)械化，但與美國有著55年的巨大差距。因此，先吸收借鑒國外的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)再進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新才是中國實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化發(fā)展的可行性路徑。
 
　　那么，國外有哪些先進(jìn)技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得我們借鑒吸收呢？
 
　　大馬力拖拉機(jī)
 
　　一直以來，大馬力拖拉機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)、制造技術(shù)主要掌控在歐美農(nóng)機(jī)巨頭手中，例如約翰迪爾、凱斯紐荷蘭、道依茨法爾、愛科等，并且約翰迪爾和凱斯紐荷蘭幾乎占據(jù)了當(dāng)前我國大馬力拖拉機(jī)的大部分市場，相較于中小馬力拖拉機(jī)，大馬力拖拉機(jī)故障率低，設(shè)計(jì)理念先進(jìn)，對(duì)農(nóng)民來說就是放心耐用，而我國拖拉機(jī)則主要以中小馬力為主。在這方面，借鑒國外的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是非常有必要的。
 
　　高科技農(nóng)業(yè)
 
　　在高科技農(nóng)業(yè)方面，美國無疑是大佬，但曾有美國專家驚呼：“日本的今天就是美國的明天”。鄂然，日本的農(nóng)業(yè)究竟發(fā)展到何種程度才讓農(nóng)業(yè)大佬都發(fā)出如此驚呼。
 
　　由于日本近年來農(nóng)業(yè)人口急劇減少，導(dǎo)致日本不得不大力研發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械以填補(bǔ)人力缺失帶來的勞動(dòng)力的空缺，植保無人機(jī)的應(yīng)用當(dāng)屬典型，上世紀(jì)八十年代，日本就已開始研制植保無人機(jī)，如今已發(fā)展成世界上農(nóng)用無人機(jī)的大國。
 
　　在2016年日本舉辦的農(nóng)業(yè)博覽會(huì)上，NTT展出了一個(gè)機(jī)器人，用來替代傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)田里常見的稻草人。外形看起來很萌，但是具備遠(yuǎn)程控制整個(gè)農(nóng)場的能力。當(dāng)農(nóng)民輸入指令后，機(jī)器人可以通過與衛(wèi)星通信，來連接控制用于植物受精的無人機(jī)?；蛲ㄟ^一些單一的指令，操作智能化的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械。由于機(jī)器人會(huì)不斷獲取專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的反饋和更新，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有希望大大簡化農(nóng)場運(yùn)營，同時(shí)它還將作為數(shù)據(jù)收集中心，將一年四季的獨(dú)特?cái)?shù)據(jù)保存并上傳。
 
　　當(dāng)然，國外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)還不止這些，以上只是舉例一二。相較于國外的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械巨頭，我國的農(nóng)機(jī)巨頭如：中聯(lián)重科、雷沃重工、五征等在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新上也從未示弱，在持續(xù)不斷地吸取國外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，不斷研發(fā)創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)造屬于自己的技術(shù)。由此看來，我國雖然在技術(shù)水平上與發(fā)達(dá)國家相差巨大，但憑借此鉆研勢頭，趕超國外亦是指日可待。

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